Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 21, Number 4—April 2015
CME ACTIVITY - Research

Deaths Associated with Respiratory Syncytial and Influenza Viruses among Persons ≥5 Years of Age in HIV-Prevalent Area, South Africa, 1998–20091

Cheryl CohenComments to Author , Sibongile Walaza, Cecile Viboud, Adam L. Cohen, Shabir A. Madhi, Marietjie Venter, Claire von Mollendorf, Jocelyn Moyes, Johanna M. McAnerney, and Stefano Tempia
Author affiliations: National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa (S. Tempia, S. Walaza, S.A. Madhi, C. von Mollendorf, J. Moyes, J.M. McAnerney, C. Cohen); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Tempia, A.L. Cohen); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pretoria, South Africa (S. Tempia, A.L. Cohen, M. Venter); National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (C. Viboud); University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (S.A. Madhi, J. Moyes, C. Cohen)

Main Article

Table 3

Respiratory syncytial virus mean annual excess deaths and relative risk for death related to HIV infection among persons ≥5 y of age, South Africa, 1998–2009*

Cause of death by age, y Mean annual excess deaths (95%CI)
 Relative risk, HIV+ vs. HIV– (95% CI)
Total
 HIV+
 HIV–
No., mean Rate,†
mean % Death over model baseline No., mean Rate,† mean No., mean Rate,† mean
All causes
5–19 61 (29–87) 0.4 (0.2–0.6) 0.9 (0.8–1.1) 25 (12–36) 11.6 (5.6–16.5) 36 (17–51) 0.2 (0.1–0.3) 58.4 (15.1–154.9)
20–44 449 (66–863) 2.4 (0.4–4.7) 0.6 (0.5–0.7) 430 (62–818) 13.1 (2.1–24.9) 19 (4–45) 0.1 (0.02–0.30) 98.3 (20.6–163.2)
45–64 NED NED NED NED NED NED NED NA
65–74 NED NED NED NED NED NED NED NA
≥75 NED NED NED NED NED NED NED NA
≥5 511 (95–950) 1.2 (0.4–1.5) 0.7 (0.6–0.8) 455 (74–854) 12.1 (5.3–19.4) 55 (21–96) 0.1 (0.04–0.25) 66.1 (26.0–167.8)‡
All respiratory
5–19 39 (13–61) 0.3 (0.1–0.4) 3.6 (3.3–3.8) 22 (9–33) 10.1 (4.2–14.2) 16 (7–24) 0.1 (0.03–0.18) 90.2 (16.5–193.2)
20–44 389 (269–516) 2.1 (1.7–2.5) 2.3 (2.1–2.4) 369 (255–489) 11.1 (8.3–14.8) 20 (13–26) 0.1 (0.07–0.14) 81.7 (17.3–182.5)
45–64 NED NED NED NED NED NED NED NA
65–74 NED NED NED NED NED NED NED NA
≥75 NED NED NED NED NED NED NED NA
≥5 429 (186–573) 1.0 (0.04–1.2) 1.1 (0.8–1.3) 392 (264–522) 9.8 (6.3–13.1) 37 (20–50) 0.1 (0.04–0.12) 85.4 (27.2–167.8)‡
All circulatory
5–19 8 (0–30) 0.05 (0–0.2) 1.4 (0.8–1.7) NED NED 8 (0–30) 0.05 (0–0.2) NA
20–44 NED NED NED NED NED NED NED NA
45–64 NED NED NED NED NED NED NED NA
65–74 NED NED NED NED NED NED NED NA
≥75 NED NED NED NED NED NED NED NA
≥5 8 (0–30) 0.05 (0–0.2) 1.4 (0.8–1.7) NED NED 8 (0–30) 0.05 (0–0.2) NA
Pneumonia and influenza
5–19 35 (16–52) 0.2 (0.1–0.3) 5.2 (4.5–6.2) 20 (9–30) 9.2 (4.2–13.5) 15 (6–21) 0.1 (0.05–0.14) 92.2 (15.3–159.7)
20–44 257 (178–340) 1.4 (0.7–2.2) 2.3 (1.5–2.8) 243 (168–321) 7.2 (4.7–11.1) 14 (10–19) 0.1 (0.6–1.3) 73.4 (11.9–145.9)
45–64 NED NED NED NED NED NED NED NA
65–74 NED NED NED NED NED NED NED NA
≥75 NED NED NED NED NED NED NED NA
≥5 292 (194–392) 0.7 (0.4–1.0) 1.3 (0.9–1.5) 263 (177–351) 6.6 (5.1–7.2) 29 (16–40) 0.1 (0.6–1.4) 82.7 (23.1–196.6)‡

*Estimated from model 1 (excess deaths irrespective of HIV status) and model 2 (excess deaths by HIV status). HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; NED, no estimated deaths; NA, not applicable.

†Mortality rates per 100,000 person-years.

‡Age-adjusted relative risk.

Main Article

1Data from this study were presented in part at the Options for the Control of Influenza Conference VIII; 2013 Sep 5–10; Cape Town, South Africa.

Page created: March 17, 2015
Page updated: March 17, 2015
Page reviewed: March 17, 2015
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external