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Volume 21, Number 8—August 2015
Research

Influenza A Viruses of Human Origin in Swine, Brazil

Martha I. Nelson1Comments to Author , Rejane Schaefer1, Danielle Gava, Maurício Egídio Cantão, and Janice Reis Ciacci-Zanella
Author affiliations: Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (M.I. Nelson); EMBRAPA Swine and Poultry, Concordia, Brazil (R. Schaefer, D. Gava, M.E. Cantão, J.R. Ciacci-Zanella)

Main Article

Figure 4

Phylogenetic relationships between human and swine influenza N2 segments. Time-scaled Bayesian maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree inferred for the neuraminidase (N2) sequences of 682 viruses, including 6 swine viruses from Brazil sequenced for this study, A/swine/Brazil/185-11-7/2011(H1N2), A/swine/Brazil/232-11-13/2011(H1N2), A/swine/Brazil/232-11-14/2011(H1N2), A/swine/Brazil/31-11-1/2011(H1N2), A/swine/Brazil/355-11-6/2011(H3N2), and A/swine/Brazil/365-11-7/2011(H3N2); 2 swine influenza A v

Figure 4. Phylogenetic relationships between human and swine influenza N2 segments. Time-scaled Bayesian maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree inferred for the neuraminidase (N2) sequences of 682 viruses, including 6 swine viruses from Brazil sequenced for this study, A/swine/Brazil/185-11-7/2011(H1N2), A/swine/Brazil/232-11-13/2011(H1N2), A/swine/Brazil/232-11-14/2011(H1N2), A/swine/Brazil/31-11-1/2011(H1N2), A/swine/Brazil/355-11-6/2011(H3N2), and A/swine/Brazil/365-11-7/2011(H3N2); 2 swine influenza A viruses from Brazil sequenced previously, A/wild boar/Brazil/214-11-13D/2011(H1N2) (26) and A/swine/Brazil/31-11-3/2011(H1N2) (27); 325 human seasonal N2 viruses collected globally during 1957–2013; and 350 closely related swine viruses collected globally that have been studied previously (35). Gray shading indicates branches of human seasonal influenza A(H3N2) virus origin. Branches associated with viruses from swine are shaded by country/area of origin: light blue, Argentina; dark green, Brazil; dark blue, United States; purple, Vietnam; black, Europe; red, China; pink, Korea; orange, Thailand; light green, Mexico; turquoise, Japanese swine viruses. Posterior probabilities >0.9 are included for key nodes, and the 2 clades of Brazilian swine viruses are labeled a and b (Table 1).

Main Article

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Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

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Page updated: July 14, 2015
Page reviewed: July 14, 2015
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