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Volume 22, Number 12—December 2016
Research

Cutaneous Granulomas in Dolphins Caused by Novel Uncultivated Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Raquel Vilela, Gregory D. Bossart, Judy A. St. Leger, Leslie M. Dalton, John S. Reif, Adam M. Schaefer, Peter J. McCarthy, Patricia A. Fair, and Leonel MendozaComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (R. Vilela); Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA (R. Vilela, L. Mendoza); Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (G.D. Bossart); University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA (G.D. Bossart); SeaWorld, San Diego, California, USA (J.A. St. Leger); SeaWorld, San Antonio, Texas, USA (L.M. Dalton); Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (J.S. Reif); Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA (A.M. Schaefer, P.J. McCarthy); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Charleston, South Carolina, USA (P.A. Fair)

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Figure 4

Unrooted maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees of A) partial internal transcribed spacer (ITS), B) 2 partial glycoprotein 43 (gp43) (12–14), and C) 2 partial chitin synthase 4 (CHS4) (A. Schaefer, P.J. McCarthy, unpub. data) gene sequences of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Sequences were obtained pathogen-infected bottlenose dolphins, Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA, and compared with homologous sequences of cultivated Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb), P. lutzii (Pi), and uncultivated Lacazia

Figure 4. Unrooted maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees of A) partial internal transcribed spacer (ITS), B) 2 partial glycoprotein 43 (gp43) (12–14), and C) 2 partial chitin synthase 4 (CHS4) (A. Schaefer, P.J. McCarthy, unpub. data) gene sequences of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Sequences were obtained pathogen-infected bottlenose dolphins, Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA, and compared with homologous sequences of cultivated Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb), P. lutzii (Pi), and uncultivated Lacazia loboi (Ll) available in GenBank. Ajellomyeces capsulatus and A. dermatitidis CHS4, gp43, and ITS homologous sequences were used as outgroups. Strain names or accession numbers are shown. Numbers along branches are bootstrap values for 1,000 resamplings obtained by parsimony analysis, which support different clusters. P. brasiliensis ITS sequences from dolphins (14) grouped among cultivated P. brasiliensis ITS sequences. Distance between uncultivated P. brasiliensis from dolphins and cultivated P. brasiliensis from humans is unusually large (box in panel A). Placement of 2 gp43 P. brasiliensis sequences from dolphins (12,13) among cultivated P. brasiliensis strains (boxes in panel B). P. brasiliensis partial CHS4 gene sequences from 2 dolphins placed these sequences (GenBank accession no. KX267767 [A3] and KX267768 [90A]) within the P. brasiliensis cluster (box in panel C). Scale bars indicate nucleotide substitutions per site.

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Page created: November 29, 2016
Page updated: November 29, 2016
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