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Volume 23, Number 12—December 2017
Dispatch

West Nile Virus Lineage 2 in Horses and Other Animals with Neurologic Disease, South Africa, 2008–2015

Marietjie VenterComments to Author , Marthi Pretorius, James A. Fuller, Elizabeth Botha, Mpho Rakgotho, Voula Stivaktas, Camilla Weyer, Marco Romito, and June Williams
Author affiliations: University of Pretoria Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Pretoria, South Africa (M. Venter, M. Pretorius, E. Botha, M. Rakgotho, V. Stivaktas, J. Williams); US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global Disease Detection Centre, Pretoria (M. Venter, J.A. Fuller); National Health Laboratory Service, Tshwane, South Africa (M. Pretorius); University of Pretoria Equine Research Centre, Pretoria (C. Weyer); Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort, South Africa (M. Romito)

Main Article

Table 1

WNV infection, co-infection, disease, and death in horses, by year, South Africa, 2008–2015

Category No. (%) horses
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total
Total specimens 71 76 150 164 89 138 193 188 1,069
Confirmed WNV positive† 9 (12.7) 6 (7.9) 18 (12.0) 12 (7.3) 3 (3.4) 4 (2.9) 23 (11.9) 4 (2.1) 79 (7.4)
WNV PCR positive† 5 (7.0) 3 (3.9) 8 (5.3) 2 (1.2) 0 (0) 1 (0.7) 4 (2.1) 1 (0.5) 24 (2.2)
WNV IgM positive† 5 (7.0) 3 (3.9) 12 (8.0) 10 (6.1) 3 (3.4) 3 (2.2) 20 (10.4) 3 (1.6) 59 (5.5)
Deaths‡ 5 (55.6) 3 (50.0) 8 (44.4) 3 (25.0) 1 (33.3) 1 (25.0) 5 (21.7) 1 (25.0) 27 (34.2)
Any neurologic signs‡ 8 (88.9) 6 (100.0) 16 (88.9) 11 (91.7) 2 (66.7) 4 (100.0) 21 (91.3) 4 (100.0) 72 (91.1)
Fever‡ 2 (22.2) 2 (33.3) 3 (16.7) 6 (50.0) 1 (33.3) 1 (25.0) 10 (43.5) 3 (75.0) 28 (35.4)
Co-infections‡ and co-infecting viruses 2 (22.2), 2 AHSV 2 (33.3), 2 SINV 1 (5.6), 1 SHUV 2 (16.7), 2 MIDV 2 (66.7), 1 AHSV, 1 SINV 0 4 (17.4), 2 MIDV, 1 SHUV, 1 EEV 1 (25.0), 1 SHUV 14 (17.7), 3 AHSV, 3 SINV, 3 SHUV, 4 MIDV, 1 EEV

*AHSV, African horse sickness virus; EEV, equine encephalitis virus; MIDV, Middleburg virus; SHUV, Shuni virus; SINV, Sindbis virus; WNV,
West Nile virus.
†Percentage of total number of specimens tested.
‡Percentage of total number of confirmed WNV-positive cases. Confirmed cases were those that tested positive by PCR plus those that tested positive by WNV IgM Capture ELISA (IDEXX Laboratories, Montpellier, France) followed by neutralization assay.

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Page created: November 16, 2017
Page updated: November 16, 2017
Page reviewed: November 16, 2017
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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