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Volume 23, Number 3—March 2017
Dispatch

Variegated Squirrel Bornavirus 1 in Squirrels, Germany and the Netherlands

Kore Schlottau, Maria Jenckel, Judith van den Brand, Christine Fast, Christiane Herden, Dirk Höper, Timo Homeier-Bachmann, Jens Thielebein, Niels Mensing, Bert Diender, Donata Hoffmann, Rainer G. Ulrich, Thomas C. Mettenleiter, Marion Koopmans, Dennis Tappe, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, Chantal B.E.M. Reusken, Martin BeerComments to Author , and Bernd Hoffmann
Author affiliations: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany (K. Schlottau, M. Jenckel, C. Fast, D. Höper, T. Homeier-Bachmann, D. Hoffmann, R.G. Ulrich, T.C. Mettenleiter, M. Beer, B. Hoffmann); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (J. van den Brand, M. Koopmans, C.B.E.M. Reusken); Justus-Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany (C. Herden); Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany (J. Thielebein); Tierarztpraxis Dr. Niels Mensing, Magdeburg, Germany (N. Mensing); Dierenartspraktijk Diender, Vlissingen, the Netherlands (B. Diender); Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (D. Tappe, J. Schmidt-Chanasit)

Main Article

Table 2

VSBV-1 RNA levels in samples from squirrels collected in Germany and the Netherlands in 2015 that were positive for viral RNA and VSBV-1 antibodies*

Animal and sample type Country and holding no.
Germany
 The Netherlands
I I I II II III IV IV IV V V
Species Sciurus variegatoides Callosciurus prevostii
Identity 48/15-1 48/15-2 48/15-11 49/15-1 49/15-6 75/15 122/15-1 122/15-2 133/15 3/16-1 3/16-2
Animal sex
 M
 F
 M
 M
 F
 M
 F
 M
 M
F
 M
EDTA blood/transudate ± ± ± + ± + NA NA NA ± ±
Oral swab sample + ± ++ + + + + + + NA NA
Nose swab sample ± ± + + ± + + ± ± NA NA
Eye swab sample + ± + + ± + NA ± ± NA NA
Palatine tonsil ++ ++ ++ ++ + ++ ++ ++ ++ +++ ++
Mesenteric lymph nodes ++ ++ +++ ++ ++ + ++ ++ ++ + ++
Brain +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ +++ +++ +++ +++
Brachial plexus ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + ++
Medulla oblongata +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++ ++ ++ ++ +++ +++
Trigeminal ganglion + + +++ +++ ++ ++ NA ++ ++ ++ +++
Kidney ++ + ++ +++ +++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ +++
Salivary gland ++ + + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ± +++
Urinary bladder ++ ++ +++ +++ ++ + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++
Lung ++ ++ +++ +++ ++ ++ ++ + ++ ± ++
Heart ++ + ++ ++ ++ ++ + + ++ + ++
Spleen + ± ++ ++ + ++ ++ ++ ++ ± +++
Liver ± ± + + ++ + + + + ± +
Pancreas ++ +++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + ++
Sex organ + +++ + +++ + +++ +++ ++ ++ ++ +++
Skeletal muscles + ± + ++ + ++ ++ ++ ++ + ++
Skin ++ + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + ++
Nose cross-section ++ ++ +++ +++ ++ +++ + ++ ++ ++ +++

*Data are represented in VSBV-1 genome equivalent copies per milliliter of template: +++, >106; ++, 104–106; +, 102–104; ± 100–102). The VSBV-1–specific Mix 10 quantitative real- time PCR assay was used for quantification (limit of detection 1 genome equivalent/µL template). NA, sample not available; VSBV-1, variegated squirrel bornavirus 1.

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Page created: February 17, 2017
Page updated: February 17, 2017
Page reviewed: February 17, 2017
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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