Volume 23, Number 7—July 2017
Research
Case−Control Study of Risk Factors for Meningococcal Disease in Chile
Table 3
Meningococcal disease determinants for persons >5 years of age and controls for all Neisseria meningitidis serogroups, Chile, January 2012−March 2013*
Characteristic | Case-patients, n = 76 | Controls, n = 337 | p value | OR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | ||||
Age, y | 35 (6–57) | 36 (18–55) | 0.849† | NA |
Age <25 y | 26/76 | 115/337 | 0.544‡ | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) |
Male sex | 33/76 | 153/337 | 0.427‡ | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) |
Chilean nationality | 75/76 | 329/337 | 0.484‡ | 1.8 (0.2–14.8) |
Native person | 5/76 | 30/337 | 0.347‡ | 0.7 (0.3–1.9) |
Residence in Santiago (metropolitan region) |
44/76 |
190/337 |
0.457‡ |
1.1 (0.6–1.8) |
Social and environmental | ||||
No. bedrooms in home§ | 3 (2–4) | 4 (2-4) | 0.042† | NA |
No. persons/bedroom | 1.3 (1–2) | 1.3 (1–1.7) | 0.146† | NA |
Square feet of housing§ | 753 (505–1,103)¶ | 861 (581–1,173)# | 0.038† | NA |
Square feet/person§ | 179 (108–288)¶ | 215 (143–375)# | 0.031† | NA |
Education for mother of persons <18 y of age, y | 13 (9–14)** | 13 (13–16)†† | 0.063† | NA |
Lived in crowded places§ | 5/76 | 7/337 | 0.050‡ | 3.3 (1.0–10.8) |
Income <US $517 | 33/74 | 126/317 | 0.263‡ | 1.2 (0.7–2.0) |
Public health insurance§ | 64/76 | 246/337 | 0.026‡ | 2.0 (1.0–3.8) |
Shared bedroom with >2 persons | 20/76 | 71/337 | 0.198‡ | 1.3 (0.8–2.4) |
Shared bed with >2 persons | 3/76 | 18/337 | 0.439‡ | 0.7 (0.2–2.5) |
Overcrowding§ |
12/76 |
24/337 |
0.018‡ |
2.4 (1.2–5.1) |
Individual behavior and medical history | ||||
No. hospitalizations | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0.707† | NA |
No. nonrespiratory chronic diseases§ | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–1) | 0.005† | NA |
Acute respiratory illness§ | 42/76 | 141/337 | 0.023‡ | 1.7 (1.0–2.8) |
Bronchopneumonia | 3/76 | 6/337 | 0.219‡ | 2.3 (0.6–9.3) |
Person >14 y of age consuming >4 alcoholic drinks§ | 14/59 | 35/269 | 0.034‡ | 2.1 (1.0–4.2) |
Depression§ | 16/76 | 43/337 | 0.050‡ | 1.8 (1.0–3.4) |
History of meningococcal disease in family | 11/76 | 42/337 | 0.378‡ | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) |
History of hospitalizations | 46/76 | 200/337 | 0.478‡ | 1.1 (0.6–1.7) |
Hospitalization for asthma or acute lower RTI§ | 12/76 | 26/337 | 0.029‡ | 2.2 (1.1–4.7) |
Hospitalization for diarrhea | 3/76 | 10/337 | 0.439‡ | 1.3 (0.4–5.0) |
Hypertension§ | 14/76 | 34/337 | 0.037‡ | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) |
Nonrespiratory chronic disease§ | 49/76 | 158/337 | 0.004‡ | 2.1 (1.2–3.4) |
Stressful event§ | 49/76 | 179/337 | 0.047‡ | 1.6 (1.0–2.7) |
Used corticoids§ | 8/76 | 11/337 | 0.012‡ | 3.5 (1.4–9.0) |
Used antidepressants§ | 10/76 | 22/337 | 0.049‡ | 2.2 (1.0–4.8) |
*Values are median (IQR) or no. positive/no. tested except as indicated. IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; RTI, respiratory tract infection.
†By Mann-Whitney test.
‡By Fisher exact test.
§Significant difference.
¶n = 74.
#n = 333.
**n = 22.
††n = 82.