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Volume 23, Number 7—July 2017

Research

Case−Control Study of Risk Factors for Meningococcal Disease in Chile

Andrea OleaComments to Author , Isabel Matute, Claudia González, Iris Delgado, Lucy Poffald, Elena Pedroni, Tania Alfaro, Macarena Hirmas, Manuel Nájera, Ana Gormaz, Darío López, Sergio Loayza, Catterina Ferreccio, Doris Gallegos, Rodrigo Fuentes, Pablo Vial, and Ximena Aguilera
Author affiliations: Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (A. Olea, I. Matute, C. González, I. Delgado, L. Poffald, M. Hirmas, M. Nájera, A. Gormaz, R. Fuentes, P. Vial, X. Aguilera); Universidad Isalud, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E. Pedroni); Universidad de Chile, Santiago (T. Alfaro); Chilean Ministry of Health, Santiago (D. López, S. Loayza, D. Gallegos); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago (C. Ferreccio)

Main Article

Table 3

Meningococcal disease determinants for persons >5 years of age and controls for all Neisseria meningitidis serogroups, Chile, January 2012−March 2013*

Characteristic Case-patients, n = 76 Controls, n = 337 p value OR (95% CI)
Demographic
Age, y 35 (6–57) 36 (18–55) 0.849† NA
Age <25 y 26/76 115/337 0.544‡ 1.0 (0.6–1.7)
Male sex 33/76 153/337 0.427‡ 0.9 (0.6–1.5)
Chilean nationality 75/76 329/337 0.484‡ 1.8 (0.2–14.8)
Native person 5/76 30/337 0.347‡ 0.7 (0.3–1.9)
Residence in Santiago (metropolitan region)
 44/76
 190/337
 0.457‡
 1.1 (0.6–1.8)
Social and environmental
No. bedrooms in home§ 3 (2–4) 4 (2-4) 0.042† NA
No. persons/bedroom 1.3 (1–2) 1.3 (1–1.7) 0.146† NA
Square feet of housing§ 753 (505–1,103)¶ 861 (581–1,173)# 0.038† NA
Square feet/person§ 179 (108–288)¶ 215 (143–375)# 0.031† NA
Education for mother of persons <18 y of age, y 13 (9–14)** 13 (13–16)†† 0.063† NA
Lived in crowded places§ 5/76 7/337 0.050‡ 3.3 (1.0–10.8)
Income <US $517 33/74 126/317 0.263‡ 1.2 (0.7–2.0)
Public health insurance§ 64/76 246/337 0.026‡ 2.0 (1.0–3.8)
Shared bedroom with >2 persons 20/76 71/337 0.198‡ 1.3 (0.8–2.4)
Shared bed with >2 persons 3/76 18/337 0.439‡ 0.7 (0.2–2.5)
Overcrowding§
 12/76
 24/337
 0.018‡
 2.4 (1.2–5.1)
Individual behavior and medical history
No. hospitalizations 1 (0–2) 1 (0–2) 0.707† NA
No. nonrespiratory chronic diseases§ 1 (0–2) 1 (0–1) 0.005† NA
Acute respiratory illness§ 42/76 141/337 0.023‡ 1.7 (1.0–2.8)
Bronchopneumonia 3/76 6/337 0.219‡ 2.3 (0.6–9.3)
Person >14 y of age consuming >4 alcoholic drinks§ 14/59 35/269 0.034‡ 2.1 (1.0–4.2)
Depression§ 16/76 43/337 0.050‡ 1.8 (1.0–3.4)
History of meningococcal disease in family 11/76 42/337 0.378‡ 1.2 (0.6–2.4)
History of hospitalizations 46/76 200/337 0.478‡ 1.1 (0.6–1.7)
Hospitalization for asthma or acute lower RTI§ 12/76 26/337 0.029‡ 2.2 (1.1–4.7)
Hospitalization for diarrhea 3/76 10/337 0.439‡ 1.3 (0.4–5.0)
Hypertension§ 14/76 34/337 0.037‡ 2.0 (1.0–4.0)
Nonrespiratory chronic disease§ 49/76 158/337 0.004‡ 2.1 (1.2–3.4)
Stressful event§ 49/76 179/337 0.047‡ 1.6 (1.0–2.7)
Used corticoids§ 8/76 11/337 0.012‡ 3.5 (1.4–9.0)
Used antidepressants§ 10/76 22/337 0.049‡ 2.2 (1.0–4.8)

*Values are median (IQR) or no. positive/no. tested except as indicated. IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; RTI, respiratory tract infection.
†By Mann-Whitney test.
‡By Fisher exact test.
§Significant difference.
¶n = 74.
#n = 333.
**n = 22.
††n = 82.

Main Article

Page created: June 19, 2017
Page updated: June 19, 2017
Page reviewed: June 19, 2017
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