Volume 23, Number 7—July 2017
Research
Case−Control Study of Risk Factors for Meningococcal Disease in Chile
Table 1
Meningococcal disease determinants for persons <5 years age and controls for all Neisseria meningitidis serogroups, Chile, January 2012−March 2013*
Characteristic | Case-patients, n = 59 | Controls, n = 281 | p value | OR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | ||||
Age, y† | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | <0.001‡ | NA |
Age <1 y† | 39/59 | 80/281 | <0.001§ | 4.9 (2.7–8.9) |
Male sex | 42/59 | 187/281 | 0.298§ | 1.2 (0.7–2.3) |
Chilean nationality | 58/59 | 278/281 | 0.535§ | 0.6 (0.1–6.1) |
Native person | 7/59 | 22/281 | 0.220§ | 1.6 (0.6–3.9) |
Residence in Santiago (metropolitan region) |
37/59 |
179/281 |
0.499§ |
1.0 (0.5–1.7) |
Social and environmental | ||||
No. bedrooms in home† | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–4) | 0.045‡ | NA |
No. persons/bedroom† | 2 (1.7–3.0) | 1.8 (1.3–2.1) | <0.001‡ | NA |
Square feet of housing | 646 (484–1,023) | 753 (517–1,076)¶ | 0.323‡ | NA |
Square feet/person | 129 (97–180) | 143 (93–230)¶ | 0.212‡ | NA |
Education for mother, y† | 13 (111–13) | 13 (12–15) | 0.015‡ | NA |
Children not attending school in mother’s care† | 39/47 | 144/214 | 0.022§ | 1.4 (1.1–5.3) |
Lived in crowded places† | 3/59 | 0/281 | 0.005§ | NA |
Income <US $517† | 34/59 | 101/262 | 0.006§ | 2.2 (1.2–3.8) |
Public health insurance† | 64/59 | 209/281 | 0.003§ | 2.2 (1.0–4.8) |
Shared bedroom with >2 persons† | 51/59 | 180/281 | <0.001§ | 3.6 (1.6–7.8) |
Shared bed with >2 persons† | 24/59 | 59/281 | 0.002§ | 2.6 (1.4–4.7) |
Shared space with other children† | 54/59 | 212/281 | 0.003§ | 3.5 (1.4–9.1) |
Overcrowding† |
22/59 |
55/281 |
0.004§ |
2.4 (1.3–4.5) |
Individual behavior and medical history | ||||
No. hospitalizations† | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.004‡ | NA |
No. nonrespiratory chronic diseases | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.093‡ | NA |
Acute respiratory illness | 33/59 | 186/281 | 0.090§ | 1.5 (0.9–2.7) |
Bronchopneumonia† | 8/59 | 7/281 | 0.001§ | 6.1 (2.1–17.7) |
Greeted >2 persons with kiss on mouth† | 24/59 | 70/281 | 0.012§ | 2.1 (1.2–3.7) |
History of meningococcal disease in family† | 13/59 | 24/281 | 0.004§ | 3.0 (1.4–6.4) |
History of hospitalizations† | 28/59 | 84/281 | 0.008§ | 2.1 (1.2–3.8) |
Hospitalization for asthma or acute lower RTI† | 19/59 | 44/281 | 0.004§ | 2.6 (1.4–4.8) |
Hospitalization for whooping cough† | 4/59 | 1/281 | 0.004§ | 20.4 (2.2–185.7) |
Hospitalization for diarrhea† | 4/59 | 4/281 | 0.033§ | 5.0 (1.2–20.7) |
Nonrespiratory chronic disease | 12/59 | 35/281 | 0.086§ | 1.8 (0.9–3.7) |
Stressful event | 14/59 | 42/281 | 0.076§ | 1.8 (0.9–3.5) |
*Values are median (IQR) or no. positive/no. tested except as indicated. IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; RTI, respiratory tract infection.
†Significant difference.
‡By Mann-Whitney test.
§By Fisher exact test.
¶n = 276.