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Volume 23, Number 7—July 2017

Research

Case−Control Study of Risk Factors for Meningococcal Disease in Chile

Andrea OleaComments to Author , Isabel Matute, Claudia González, Iris Delgado, Lucy Poffald, Elena Pedroni, Tania Alfaro, Macarena Hirmas, Manuel Nájera, Ana Gormaz, Darío López, Sergio Loayza, Catterina Ferreccio, Doris Gallegos, Rodrigo Fuentes, Pablo Vial, and Ximena Aguilera
Author affiliations: Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile (A. Olea, I. Matute, C. González, I. Delgado, L. Poffald, M. Hirmas, M. Nájera, A. Gormaz, R. Fuentes, P. Vial, X. Aguilera); Universidad Isalud, Buenos Aires, Argentina (E. Pedroni); Universidad de Chile, Santiago (T. Alfaro); Chilean Ministry of Health, Santiago (D. López, S. Loayza, D. Gallegos); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago (C. Ferreccio)

Main Article

Table 5

Meningococcal disease determinants for case-patients and controls for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W, Santiago (Metropolitan Region) of Chile, January 2012−March 2013*

Characteristic Case-patients, n = 50 Controls, n = 366 p value OR (95% CI)
Demographic
Age, y 3.5 (0–51.5) 5 (1–38) 0.765† NA
Age <1 y‡ 14/50 56/366 0.005§ 2.6 (1.3–5.0)
Age <5 y 26/50 179/366 0.398§ 1.1 (0.6–2.4)
Male sex 28/50 203/366 0.534§ 1.0 (0.6–1.9)
Chilean nationality 50/50 357/366 0.312§ NA
Native person
 9/50
 37/366
 0.082§
 2.0 (0.9–4.3)
Social and environmental
No. bedrooms in home 3 (2–4) 3 (2–4) 0.273† NA
No. persons/bedroom 1.7 (1.2–2.5) 1.5 (1.2–2.0) 0.135† NA
Square feet of housing 614 (503–1,076) 823 (546–1,206) 0.053† NA
Square feet/person 157 (93–273) 189 (120–301) 0.146† NA
Education for mother of persons <18 y of age, y 13 (11–15)¶ 13 (13–15)# 0.274† NA
Children <5 y of age not attending school in mother’s care 13/19 89/137 0.492§ 1.2 (0.4–3.3)
Lived in crowded places 0/50 3/366 0.680§ NA
Income <US $517 22/50 111/366 0.073§ 1.6 (0.9–3.0)
Public health insurance‡ 42/50 259/366 0.032§ 2.2 (1.0–4.8)
Shared bedroom with >2 persons‡ 26/50 137/366 0.035§ 1.8 (1.0–3.3)
Shared bed with >2 persons 8/50 45/366 0.294§ 1.4 (0.6–3.1)
Children <5 y of age sharing space with other children‡ 25/26 134/179 0.008§ 8.4 (1.1–63.7)
Overcrowding‡
 14/50
 48/366
 0.008§
 2.6 (1.3–5.1)
Individual behavior and medical history
No. hospitalizations 1 (0–2) 0 (0–1) <0.001† NA
No. nonrespiratory chronic diseases 1 (0–2) 0 (0–1) 0.002† NA
Acute respiratory illness 32/50 204/366 0.170§ 1.4 (0.8–2.6)
Bronchopneumonia 4/50 11/366 0.093§ 2.8 (0.9–9.2)
Person >14 y of age consuming >4 alcoholic drinks 5/22 22/148 0.246§ 1.7 (0.6–5.0)
Children <5 y of age greeting >2 persons with kiss on mouth 11/26 45/179 0.058§ 2.2 (0.9–5.1)
Depression‡ 9/50 26/366 0.015§ 2.9 (1.3–6.5)
Diabetes mellitus ‡ 6/50 14/366 0.023§ 3.4 (1.3–9.4)
History of meningococcal disease in family 8/50 43/366 0.256§ 1.4 (0.6–3.2)
History of hospitalizations‡ 33/50 162/366 0.003§ 2.4 (1.3–4.5)
Hospitalization for asthma or acute lower RTI‡ 15/50 42/366 0.001§ 3.3 (1.7–6.6)
Hospitalization for whooping cough‡ 3/50 0/366 0.002§ NA
Hospitalization for diarrhea 2/50 6/366 0.248§ 2.5 (0.5–12.7)
Hypertension‡ 7/50 19/366 0.026§ 3.0 (1.2–7.5)
Nonrespiratory chronic disease‡ 30/50 112/366 <0.001§ 3.4 (1.9–6.2)
Obesity‡ 7/50 21/366 0.038§ 2.7 (1.1–6.6)
Stressful event 23/50 126/366 0.076§ 1.6 (0.9–2.9)
Used medicines‡ 22/50 101/366 0.015§ 2.1 (1.1–3.8)
Used corticoids 4/50 18/366 0.265§ 1.7 (0.5–5.2)
Used antidepressant drugs‡ 5/50 8/366 0.013§ 5.0 (1.6–15.9)
Used antihypertension drugs‡ 10/50 25/366 0.005§ 3.4 (1.5–7.6)
Used hypoglycemic agents‡ 6/50 17/366 0.045§ 2.8 (1.0–7.5)

*Values are median (IQR) no. or no. positive/no. tested. IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; RTI, respiratory tract infection.
†By Mann-Whitney test.
‡Significant results.
§By Fisher exact test.
¶n = 29.
#n = 224.

Main Article

Page created: June 19, 2017
Page updated: June 19, 2017
Page reviewed: June 19, 2017
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