Volume 23, Number 7—July 2017
Research
Case−Control Study of Risk Factors for Meningococcal Disease in Chile
Andrea Olea
, Isabel Matute, Claudia González, Iris Delgado, Lucy Poffald, Elena Pedroni, Tania Alfaro, Macarena Hirmas, Manuel Nájera, Ana Gormaz, Darío López, Sergio Loayza, Catterina Ferreccio, Doris Gallegos, Rodrigo Fuentes, Pablo Vial, and Ximena Aguilera
, Isabel Matute, Claudia González, Iris Delgado, Lucy Poffald, Elena Pedroni, Tania Alfaro, Macarena Hirmas, Manuel Nájera, Ana Gormaz, Darío López, Sergio Loayza, Catterina Ferreccio, Doris Gallegos, Rodrigo Fuentes, Pablo Vial, and Ximena Aguilera
Table 5
Meningococcal disease determinants for case-patients and controls for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W, Santiago (Metropolitan Region) of Chile, January 2012−March 2013*
| Characteristic | Case-patients, n = 50 | Controls, n = 366 | p value | OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||
| Age, y | 3.5 (0–51.5) | 5 (1–38) | 0.765† | NA |
| Age <1 y‡ | 14/50 | 56/366 | 0.005§ | 2.6 (1.3–5.0) |
| Age <5 y | 26/50 | 179/366 | 0.398§ | 1.1 (0.6–2.4) |
| Male sex | 28/50 | 203/366 | 0.534§ | 1.0 (0.6–1.9) |
| Chilean nationality | 50/50 | 357/366 | 0.312§ | NA |
| Native person |
9/50 |
37/366 |
0.082§ |
2.0 (0.9–4.3) |
| Social and environmental | ||||
| No. bedrooms in home | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 0.273† | NA |
| No. persons/bedroom | 1.7 (1.2–2.5) | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | 0.135† | NA |
| Square feet of housing | 614 (503–1,076) | 823 (546–1,206) | 0.053† | NA |
| Square feet/person | 157 (93–273) | 189 (120–301) | 0.146† | NA |
| Education for mother of persons <18 y of age, y | 13 (11–15)¶ | 13 (13–15)# | 0.274† | NA |
| Children <5 y of age not attending school in mother’s care | 13/19 | 89/137 | 0.492§ | 1.2 (0.4–3.3) |
| Lived in crowded places | 0/50 | 3/366 | 0.680§ | NA |
| Income <US $517 | 22/50 | 111/366 | 0.073§ | 1.6 (0.9–3.0) |
| Public health insurance‡ | 42/50 | 259/366 | 0.032§ | 2.2 (1.0–4.8) |
| Shared bedroom with >2 persons‡ | 26/50 | 137/366 | 0.035§ | 1.8 (1.0–3.3) |
| Shared bed with >2 persons | 8/50 | 45/366 | 0.294§ | 1.4 (0.6–3.1) |
| Children <5 y of age sharing space with other children‡ | 25/26 | 134/179 | 0.008§ | 8.4 (1.1–63.7) |
| Overcrowding‡ |
14/50 |
48/366 |
0.008§ |
2.6 (1.3–5.1) |
| Individual behavior and medical history | ||||
| No. hospitalizations | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | <0.001† | NA |
| No. nonrespiratory chronic diseases | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 0.002† | NA |
| Acute respiratory illness | 32/50 | 204/366 | 0.170§ | 1.4 (0.8–2.6) |
| Bronchopneumonia | 4/50 | 11/366 | 0.093§ | 2.8 (0.9–9.2) |
| Person >14 y of age consuming >4 alcoholic drinks | 5/22 | 22/148 | 0.246§ | 1.7 (0.6–5.0) |
| Children <5 y of age greeting >2 persons with kiss on mouth | 11/26 | 45/179 | 0.058§ | 2.2 (0.9–5.1) |
| Depression‡ | 9/50 | 26/366 | 0.015§ | 2.9 (1.3–6.5) |
| Diabetes mellitus ‡ | 6/50 | 14/366 | 0.023§ | 3.4 (1.3–9.4) |
| History of meningococcal disease in family | 8/50 | 43/366 | 0.256§ | 1.4 (0.6–3.2) |
| History of hospitalizations‡ | 33/50 | 162/366 | 0.003§ | 2.4 (1.3–4.5) |
| Hospitalization for asthma or acute lower RTI‡ | 15/50 | 42/366 | 0.001§ | 3.3 (1.7–6.6) |
| Hospitalization for whooping cough‡ | 3/50 | 0/366 | 0.002§ | NA |
| Hospitalization for diarrhea | 2/50 | 6/366 | 0.248§ | 2.5 (0.5–12.7) |
| Hypertension‡ | 7/50 | 19/366 | 0.026§ | 3.0 (1.2–7.5) |
| Nonrespiratory chronic disease‡ | 30/50 | 112/366 | <0.001§ | 3.4 (1.9–6.2) |
| Obesity‡ | 7/50 | 21/366 | 0.038§ | 2.7 (1.1–6.6) |
| Stressful event | 23/50 | 126/366 | 0.076§ | 1.6 (0.9–2.9) |
| Used medicines‡ | 22/50 | 101/366 | 0.015§ | 2.1 (1.1–3.8) |
| Used corticoids | 4/50 | 18/366 | 0.265§ | 1.7 (0.5–5.2) |
| Used antidepressant drugs‡ | 5/50 | 8/366 | 0.013§ | 5.0 (1.6–15.9) |
| Used antihypertension drugs‡ | 10/50 | 25/366 | 0.005§ | 3.4 (1.5–7.6) |
| Used hypoglycemic agents‡ | 6/50 | 17/366 | 0.045§ | 2.8 (1.0–7.5) |
*Values are median (IQR) no. or no. positive/no. tested. IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; RTI, respiratory tract infection.
†By Mann-Whitney test.
‡Significant results.
§By Fisher exact test.
¶n = 29.
#n = 224.
Page created: June 19, 2017
Page updated: June 19, 2017
Page reviewed: June 19, 2017
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