Volume 23, Number 7—July 2017
Research
Case−Control Study of Risk Factors for Meningococcal Disease in Chile
Table 5
Meningococcal disease determinants for case-patients and controls for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W, Santiago (Metropolitan Region) of Chile, January 2012−March 2013*
Characteristic | Case-patients, n = 50 | Controls, n = 366 | p value | OR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | ||||
Age, y | 3.5 (0–51.5) | 5 (1–38) | 0.765† | NA |
Age <1 y‡ | 14/50 | 56/366 | 0.005§ | 2.6 (1.3–5.0) |
Age <5 y | 26/50 | 179/366 | 0.398§ | 1.1 (0.6–2.4) |
Male sex | 28/50 | 203/366 | 0.534§ | 1.0 (0.6–1.9) |
Chilean nationality | 50/50 | 357/366 | 0.312§ | NA |
Native person |
9/50 |
37/366 |
0.082§ |
2.0 (0.9–4.3) |
Social and environmental | ||||
No. bedrooms in home | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 0.273† | NA |
No. persons/bedroom | 1.7 (1.2–2.5) | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | 0.135† | NA |
Square feet of housing | 614 (503–1,076) | 823 (546–1,206) | 0.053† | NA |
Square feet/person | 157 (93–273) | 189 (120–301) | 0.146† | NA |
Education for mother of persons <18 y of age, y | 13 (11–15)¶ | 13 (13–15)# | 0.274† | NA |
Children <5 y of age not attending school in mother’s care | 13/19 | 89/137 | 0.492§ | 1.2 (0.4–3.3) |
Lived in crowded places | 0/50 | 3/366 | 0.680§ | NA |
Income <US $517 | 22/50 | 111/366 | 0.073§ | 1.6 (0.9–3.0) |
Public health insurance‡ | 42/50 | 259/366 | 0.032§ | 2.2 (1.0–4.8) |
Shared bedroom with >2 persons‡ | 26/50 | 137/366 | 0.035§ | 1.8 (1.0–3.3) |
Shared bed with >2 persons | 8/50 | 45/366 | 0.294§ | 1.4 (0.6–3.1) |
Children <5 y of age sharing space with other children‡ | 25/26 | 134/179 | 0.008§ | 8.4 (1.1–63.7) |
Overcrowding‡ |
14/50 |
48/366 |
0.008§ |
2.6 (1.3–5.1) |
Individual behavior and medical history | ||||
No. hospitalizations | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | <0.001† | NA |
No. nonrespiratory chronic diseases | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 0.002† | NA |
Acute respiratory illness | 32/50 | 204/366 | 0.170§ | 1.4 (0.8–2.6) |
Bronchopneumonia | 4/50 | 11/366 | 0.093§ | 2.8 (0.9–9.2) |
Person >14 y of age consuming >4 alcoholic drinks | 5/22 | 22/148 | 0.246§ | 1.7 (0.6–5.0) |
Children <5 y of age greeting >2 persons with kiss on mouth | 11/26 | 45/179 | 0.058§ | 2.2 (0.9–5.1) |
Depression‡ | 9/50 | 26/366 | 0.015§ | 2.9 (1.3–6.5) |
Diabetes mellitus ‡ | 6/50 | 14/366 | 0.023§ | 3.4 (1.3–9.4) |
History of meningococcal disease in family | 8/50 | 43/366 | 0.256§ | 1.4 (0.6–3.2) |
History of hospitalizations‡ | 33/50 | 162/366 | 0.003§ | 2.4 (1.3–4.5) |
Hospitalization for asthma or acute lower RTI‡ | 15/50 | 42/366 | 0.001§ | 3.3 (1.7–6.6) |
Hospitalization for whooping cough‡ | 3/50 | 0/366 | 0.002§ | NA |
Hospitalization for diarrhea | 2/50 | 6/366 | 0.248§ | 2.5 (0.5–12.7) |
Hypertension‡ | 7/50 | 19/366 | 0.026§ | 3.0 (1.2–7.5) |
Nonrespiratory chronic disease‡ | 30/50 | 112/366 | <0.001§ | 3.4 (1.9–6.2) |
Obesity‡ | 7/50 | 21/366 | 0.038§ | 2.7 (1.1–6.6) |
Stressful event | 23/50 | 126/366 | 0.076§ | 1.6 (0.9–2.9) |
Used medicines‡ | 22/50 | 101/366 | 0.015§ | 2.1 (1.1–3.8) |
Used corticoids | 4/50 | 18/366 | 0.265§ | 1.7 (0.5–5.2) |
Used antidepressant drugs‡ | 5/50 | 8/366 | 0.013§ | 5.0 (1.6–15.9) |
Used antihypertension drugs‡ | 10/50 | 25/366 | 0.005§ | 3.4 (1.5–7.6) |
Used hypoglycemic agents‡ | 6/50 | 17/366 | 0.045§ | 2.8 (1.0–7.5) |
*Values are median (IQR) no. or no. positive/no. tested. IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; RTI, respiratory tract infection.
†By Mann-Whitney test.
‡Significant results.
§By Fisher exact test.
¶n = 29.
#n = 224.