Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 24, Number 1—January 2018
Research

Emergence of Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses during Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak, Guinea, 2014–2015

Maria Dolores Fernandez-GarciaComments to Author , Manasi Majumdar, Ousmane Kebe, Aichatou D. Fall, Moussa Kone, Mouctar Kande, Moustapha Dabo, Mohamed Salif Sylla, Djenou Sompare, Wayne Howard, Ousmane Faye, Javier Martin1, and Kader Ndiaye1
Author affiliations: Institut Pasteur, Dakar, Senegal (M.D. Fernandez-Garcia, O. Kebe, A.D. Fall, O. Faye, K. Ndiaye); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, UK (M. Majumdar, J. Martin); World Health Organization, Conakry, Guinea (M. Kone, M. Kande); Guinean Ministry of Health, Conakry (M. Dabo, M.S. Sylla, D. Sompare); National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa (W. Howard)

Main Article

Figure 1

Epidemiologic context for emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses during Ebola virus disease outbreak, Guinea, 2014–2015. A) Distribution of AFP cases (n = 132 in 2014; n = 113 in 2015) and contacts (n = 0 in 2014; n = 119 in 2015) for each month according to date of first fecal sample collection. Data for Ebola cases accessed at (15). B) Geographic distribution of case-patients (n = 6) and contacts (n = 7) with laboratory-confirmed VDPV2 infection. Outer circles indicate subprefectures; grey

Figure 1. Epidemiologic context for emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses during Ebola virus disease outbreak, Guinea, 2014–2015. A) Distribution of AFP cases (n = 132 in 2014; n = 113 in 2015) and contacts (n = 0 in 2014; n = 119 in 2015) for each month according to date of first fecal sample collection. Data for Ebola cases accessed at (15). B) Geographic distribution of case-patients (n = 6) and contacts (n = 7) with laboratory-confirmed VDPV2 infection. Outer circles indicate subprefectures; gray circles represent case-patients with paralysis onset in 2015; white circles represent laboratory-confirmed contacts; triangle represents case-patient with paralysis onset in 2014. AFP, acute flaccid paralysis; NPEV, nonpolio enterovirus; OPV, oral polio vaccine; tOPV, trivalent OPV; SIAs, supplementary polio immunization activities; VDPV2, type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus.

Main Article

References
  1. Marx  A, Glass  JD, Sutter  RW. Differential diagnosis of acute flaccid paralysis and its role in poliomyelitis surveillance. Epidemiol Rev. 2000;22:298–316. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. World Health Organization. Poliomyelitis [cited 2017 Jan 1]. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/
  3. Kew  OM, Sutter  RW, de Gourville  EM, Dowdle  WR, Pallansch  MA. Vaccine-derived polioviruses and the endgame strategy for global polio eradication. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2005;59:587–635. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Kew  O, Morris-Glasgow  V, Landaverde  M, Burns  C, Shaw  J, Garib  Z, et al. Outbreak of poliomyelitis in Hispaniola associated with circulating type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus. Science. 2002;296:356–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Jorba  J, Diop  OM, Iber  J, Sutter  RW, Wassilak  SG, Burns  CC. Update on vaccine-derived polioviruses—worldwide, January 2015–May 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65:763–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Burns  CC, Diop  OM, Sutter  RW, Kew  OM. Vaccine-derived polioviruses. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(Suppl 1):S283–93. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Diop  OM, Burns  CC, Sutter  RW, Wassilak  SG, Kew  OM; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Update on vaccine-derived polioviruses—worldwide, January 2014–March 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64:640–6.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. World Health Organization. WHO-recommended standards for surveillance of selected vaccine-preventable diseases. February 2003 [cited 2017 Jan 1]. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/68334/1/WHO-V-B_03.01_eng.pdf?ua=1
  9. Diop  OM, Burns  CC, Wassilak  SG, Kew  OM; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Update on vaccine-derived polioviruses - worldwide, July 2012-December 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014;63:242–8.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. World Health Organization. Polio Laboratory Manual. 4th edition. 2004 [cited 2017 Jan 1]. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/68762/1/WHO_IVB_04.10.pdf
  11. Kilpatrick  DR, Ching  K, Iber  J, Chen  Q, Yang  SJ, De  L, et al. Identification of vaccine-derived polioviruses using dual-stage real-time RT-PCR. J Virol Methods. 2014;197:25–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Fernandez-Garcia  MD, Kebe  O, Fall  AD, Ndiaye  K. Identification and molecular characterization of non-polio enteroviruses from children with acute flaccid paralysis in West Africa, 2013-2014. Sci Rep. 2017;7:3808. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Mee  ET, Minor  PD, Martin  J. High resolution identity testing of inactivated poliovirus vaccines. Vaccine. 2015;33:3533–41. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Stern  A, Yeh  MT, Zinger  T, Smith  M, Wright  C, Ling  G, et al. The evolutionary pathway to virulence of an RNA virus. Cell. 2017;169:35–46 e19. DOIGoogle Scholar
  15. World Health Organization. Ebola data and statistics. Data published on 11 May 2016. Data on new cases per epi week for Guinea [cited 2017 Jan 1]. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.ebola-sitrep.ebola-country-GIN-20160511-data?lang=en
  16. Morales  M, Nnadi  CD, Tangermann  RH, Wassilak  SG. Notes from the field: circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks—five countries, 2014–2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65:128–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. Macadam  AJ, Pollard  SR, Ferguson  G, Skuce  R, Wood  D, Almond  JW, et al. Genetic basis of attenuation of the Sabin type 2 vaccine strain of poliovirus in primates. Virology. 1993;192:18–26. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Adu  F, Iber  J, Bukbuk  D, Gumede  N, Yang  SJ, Jorba  J, et al. Isolation of recombinant type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) from a Nigerian child. Virus Res. 2007;127:17–25. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. Shulman  LM, Manor  Y, Handsher  R, Delpeyroux  F, McDonough  MJ, Halmut  T, et al. Molecular and antigenic characterization of a highly evolved derivative of the type 2 oral poliovaccine strain isolated from sewage in Israel. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:3729–34.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Jorba  J, Campagnoli  R, De  L, Kew  O. Calibration of multiple poliovirus molecular clocks covering an extended evolutionary range. J Virol. 2008;82:4429–40. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. Delamou  A, El Ayadi  AM, Sidibe  S, Delvaux  T, Camara  BS, Sandouno  SD, et al. Effect of Ebola virus disease on maternal and child health services in Guinea: a retrospective observational cohort study. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5:e448–57. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. Colavita  F, Biava  M, Castilletti  C, Quartu  S, Vairo  F, Caglioti  C, et al.; Lazzaro Spallanzani Institute for Research and Health Care Ebola Virus Disease Sierra Leone Study Group. Measles cases during Ebola outbreak, West Africa, 2013–2106. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017;23:1035–7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. Ren  RB, Moss  EG, Racaniello  VR. Identification of two determinants that attenuate vaccine-related type 2 poliovirus. J Virol. 1991;65:1377–82.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Yan  D, Zhang  Y, Zhu  S, Chen  N, Li  X, Wang  D, et al. Limited and localized outbreak of newly emergent type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus in Sichuan, China. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2014;21:1012–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. Rakoto-Andrianarivelo  M, Guillot  S, Iber  J, Balanant  J, Blondel  B, Riquet  F, et al. Co-circulation and evolution of polioviruses and species C enteroviruses in a district of Madagascar. PLoS Pathog. 2007;3:e191. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. Rakoto-Andrianarivelo  M, Gumede  N, Jegouic  S, Balanant  J, Andriamamonjy  SN, Rabemanantsoa  S, et al. Reemergence of recombinant vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreak in Madagascar. J Infect Dis. 2008;197:1427–35. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. Burns  CC, Shaw  J, Jorba  J, Bukbuk  D, Adu  F, Gumede  N, et al. Multiple independent emergences of type 2 vaccine-derived polioviruses during a large outbreak in northern Nigeria. J Virol. 2013;87:4907–22. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  28. Gumede  N, Lentsoane  O, Burns  CC, Pallansch  M, de Gourville  E, Yogolelo  R, et al. Emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2004-2011. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19:1583–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. World Health Organization. Statement of the 11th IHR Emergency Committee regarding the international spread of poliovirus. November 11, 2016 [cited 2017 Jan 1]. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/11th-ihr-polio/en/

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: December 19, 2017
Page updated: December 19, 2017
Page reviewed: December 19, 2017
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external