Genomic Epidemiology of Global Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacter spp., 2008–2014
Gisele Peirano
1, Yasufumi Matsumura
1, Mark D. Adams
2, Patricia Bradford, Mary Motyl, Liang Chen, Barry N. Kreiswirth, and Johann D.D. Pitout
Author affiliations: University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (G. Peirano, J.D.D. Pitout); Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan (Y. Matsumura); J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California, USA (M.D. Adams); AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA (P. Bradford); Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA (M. Motyl); Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA (L. Chen, B.N. Kreiswirth); University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa (J.D.D. Pitout)
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Figure 4
Figure 4. Phylogenetic tree of the different clades among 39 Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. oharae ST108 isolates identified from Enterobacter spp. isolates collected in the Merck Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends, 2008–2014, and the AstraZeneca global surveillance program, 2012–2014. The tree was rooted with E. hormaechei subsp. hormaechei isolate ATCC49162. A total of 317,867 core single-nucleotide polymorphisms were found; 27,705 were used to draw the tree (after phages and recombination sites were excluded). The isolates from other studies were negative for carbapenemases. Clades are grouped by color. KPC, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase; NDM, New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase; OXA, oxacillin; ST, sequence type; –, information missing. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site.
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