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Volume 25, Number 12—December 2019
Research

Avian Influenza A Viruses among Occupationally Exposed Populations, China, 2014–2016

Chuansong Quan1, Qianli Wang1, Jie Zhang, Min Zhao, Qigang Dai, Ting Huang, Zewu Zhang, Shenghua Mao, Yifei Nie, Jun Liu, Yun Xie, Baorong Zhang, Yuhai Bi, Weifeng Shi, Peipei Liu, Dayan Wang, Luzhao Feng, Hongjie YuComments to Author , William J. LiuComments to Author , and George F. GaoComments to Author 
Author affiliations: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China (C. Quan, J. Zhang, P. Liu, D. Wang, W.J. Liu, G.F. Gao); Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China (C. Quan, W. Shi); Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China (Q. Wang, H. Yu); Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (M. Zhao, Y. Bi, G.F. Gao); Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China (Q. Dai); Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China (T. Huang); Dongguan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dongguan, China (Z. Zhang); Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai (S. Mao); Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China (Y. Nie); Zaozhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zaozhuang, China (J. Liu); Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, China (Y. Xie); Aviation General Hospital, Beijing (B. Zhang); Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (L. Feng, G.F. Gao)

Main Article

Table 5

Risk analysis for seropositive participants in surveys for avian influenza subtypes among poultry workers, China, 2014–2016*

Subtypes and variables Seropositive, no. (%) Seronegative, no. (%) p value† OR (95% CI) Adjusted OR (95% CI)
H5Nx‡
Age, y
<35 8 (10.8) 442 (21.7) <0.001 Referent Referent
35–55 40 (54.1) 1,231 (60.4) 1.8 (0.8–3.9) 2.3 (1.0–4.9)
>55 26 (35.1) 366 (18.0) 3.9 (1.8–8.8) 4.7 (2.1–10.7)
Exposed to ducks
Yes 34 (45.3) 651 (31.8) 0.014 1.8 (1.1–2.8) 1.6 (1.0–2.5)
No 41 (54.7) 1,398 (68.2) Referent   Referent
Exposed to ill or dead poultry
Yes 15 (20.0) 221 (10.8) 0.013 2.1 (1.2–3.7) 2.3 (1.3–4.2)
No 60 (80.0) 1826 (89.2) Referent   Referent
Seropositivity for H1N1(pdm09) virus
Positive 24 (32.0) 316 (16.4) <0.001 2.6 (1.6–4.3) 3.1 (1.8–4.5)
Negative
 51 (68.0)
 1,733 (84.6)
Referent
 Referent
H7N9
Sex
F 53 (64.6) 924 (45.2) <0.001 2.2 (1.4–3.5) 2.2 (1.4–3.6)
M 29 (35.4) 1,118 (54.8) Referent Referent
Poultry seller§
Yes 70 (85.4) 1,173 (57.5) <0.001 4.3 (2.3–8.0) 4.1 (2.2–7.7)
No 12 (14.6) 867 (42.5) Referent Referent
No. years of work at live poultry market
<3 11 (13.4) 561 (27.5) 0.017 Referent Referent
3–10 46 (56.1) 924 (45.3) 2.0 (1.1–3.5) 1.8 (1.0–3.2)
>10 25 (30.5) 557 (27.3) 1.7 (0.9–3.2) 1.3 (0.7–2.5)
Seropositivity for seasonal H3N2 virus
Positive 44 (53.7) 743 (36.4) 0.002 2.0 (1.3–3.2) 1.9 (1.2–2.9)
Negative
 38 (46.4)
 1,299 (63.6)
Referent
 Referent
H9N2
Age, y§
<35 56 (23.6) 394 (21.0) 0.004 2.1 (1.3–3.4) 1.9 (1.1–3.3)
35–55 156 (65.8) 1,115 (59.4) 2.1 (1.3–3.2) 1.6 (1.0–2.5)
>55 25 (10.6) 367 (19.6) Referent Referent
Sex
F 134 (56.5) 843 (44.7) <0.001 1.6 (1.2–2.1) 1.6 (1.2–2.1)
M 103 (43.5) 1,044 (55.3) Referent Referent
Poultry seller§
Yes 175 (73.8) 1,068 (56.7) <0.001 2.2 (1.6–2.9) 1.9 (1.4–2.6)
No 62 (26.2) 817 (43.3) Referent Referent
Poultry processor§
Yes 67 (28.3) 407 (21.6) 0.02 1.4 (1.1–1.9) 1.3 (1.0–1.7)
No 170 (71.7) 1,478 (78.4) Referent Referent
No. years of work at live poultry market
<3 37 (15.6) 535 (28.4) <0.001 Referent Referent
3–10 126 (53.2) 844 (44.7) 2.6 (1.8–3.7) 2.4 (1.6–3.5)
>10
 74 (31.2)
 508 (26.9)
2.2 (1.5–3.2)
 3.0 (1.3–3.1)
H6N1
Seropositivity for H1N1(pdm09) virus
Positive 19 (35.9) 321 (15.5) <0.001 3.0 (1.7–5.4) 3.0 (1.7–5.4)
Negative 34 (64.1) 1,750 (84.5) Referent Referent
Seropositivity for H9N2 virus
Positive 13 (24.5) 224 (10.8) 0.002 2.7 (1.4–5.1) 2.6 (1.4–5.0)
Negative 40 (75.5) 1,847 (89.2) Referent Referent

*Results represent only statistically significant factors from analysis of questionnaire data.
†By χ2 test.
‡Combined the H5N1-SC29 and H5N6 data.
§Missing data.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: November 18, 2019
Page updated: November 18, 2019
Page reviewed: November 18, 2019
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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