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Volume 26, Number 12—December 2020
Dispatch

Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Subspecies enterica 4,[5],12:i:- Sequence Type 34 between Europe and the United States

Ehud ElnekaveComments to Author , Samuel L. Hong, Seunghyun Lim, Dave Boxrud, Albert Rovira, Alison E. Mather, Andres Perez, and Julio Alvarez
Author affiliations: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (E. Elnekave); University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA (E. Elnekave, S. Lim, A. Rovira, A. Perez, J. Alvarez); University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.L. Hong); Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (D. Boxrud); Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK (A.E. Mather); University of East Anglia, Norwich (A.E. Mather); Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (J. Alvarez)

Main Article

Figure 1

Demographic reconstruction and phylogenetic analysis of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica 4,[5],12:i:- sequence type 34 isolates. A) Demographic reconstruction (subset 2) shows the population exponential growth over time. The red line indicates the median effective population size with 95% highest posterior density credible interval (gray). B) Time-scaled phylogenetic analysis of isolates in subset 2 (n = 110 sequences after duplicates removal). Isolates were collected from multiple sources in the United States (blue) and Europe (red) during 2008–2017.An asymmetric discrete trait analysis model was used to reconstruct the locations on the nodes. The nodes, branches, and tree tips were annotated according to the collection location. The 95% highest posterior density credible intervals of node heights are indicted with transparent purple bars. The posterior probability for all inferred ancestral locations was >70%. The isolate source (food product, gray; human, purple; livestock, yellow; and other, green) is depicted in the heatmap appended to the tree tips.

Figure 1. Demographic reconstruction and phylogenetic analysis of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica 4,[5],12:i:- sequence type 34 isolates. A) Demographic reconstruction (subset 2) shows the population exponential growth over time. The red line indicates the median effective population size with 95% highest posterior density credible interval (gray). B) Time-scaled phylogenetic analysis of isolates in subset 2 (n = 110 sequences after duplicates removal). Isolates were collected from multiple sources in the United States (blue) and Europe (red) during 2008–2017.An asymmetric discrete trait analysis model was used to reconstruct the locations on the nodes. The nodes, branches, and tree tips were annotated according to the collection location. The 95% highest posterior density credible intervals of node heights are indicted with transparent purple bars. The posterior probability for all inferred ancestral locations was >70%. The isolate source (food product, gray; human, purple; livestock, yellow; and other, green) is depicted in the heatmap appended to the tree tips.

Main Article

Page created: September 30, 2020
Page updated: November 19, 2020
Page reviewed: November 19, 2020
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