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Volume 26, Number 12—December 2020
Dispatch

Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Subspecies enterica 4,[5],12:i:- Sequence Type 34 between Europe and the United States

Ehud ElnekaveComments to Author , Samuel L. Hong, Seunghyun Lim, Dave Boxrud, Albert Rovira, Alison E. Mather, Andres Perez, and Julio Alvarez
Author affiliations: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel (E. Elnekave); University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA (E. Elnekave, S. Lim, A. Rovira, A. Perez, J. Alvarez); University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (S.L. Hong); Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul (D. Boxrud); Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK (A.E. Mather); University of East Anglia, Norwich (A.E. Mather); Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain (J. Alvarez)

Main Article

Figure 2

Summary of posterior estimates of all 10 subsets of sequences of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica 4,[5],12:i:- sequence type (ST) 34 collected from multiple sources in the United States and Europe during 2008–2017. A) Inferred time (year) of the most recent common ancestor of the emerging Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- ST34 clade. B) Estimated mutation rate (uncorrelated log-normally distributed mean parameter). C–F) Number of unobserved transitions from Europe to the United States (C) and United States to Europe (E) along each branch (Markov jumps) and total phylogenetic tree length spent (Markov rewards) in Europe (D) and the United States (F). Violin plots illustrate the posterior distribution and probability density of each subset. Dashed red vertical lines indicate average posterior value; red shaded areas indicate average 95% highest posterior density credible interval of all subsets.

Figure 2. Summary of posterior estimates of all 10 subsets of sequences of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica 4,[5],12:i:- sequence type (ST) 34 collected from multiple sources in the United States and Europe during 2008–2017. A) Inferred time (year) of the most recent common ancestor of the emerging Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- ST34 clade. B) Estimated mutation rate (uncorrelated log-normally distributed mean parameter). C–F) Number of unobserved transitions from Europe to the United States (C) and United States to Europe (E) along each branch (Markov jumps) and total phylogenetic tree length spent (Markov rewards) in Europe (D) and the United States (F). Violin plots illustrate the posterior distribution and probability density of each subset. Dashed red vertical lines indicate average posterior value; red shaded areas indicate average 95% highest posterior density credible interval of all subsets.

Main Article

Page created: September 30, 2020
Page updated: November 19, 2020
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