Volume 26, Number 8—August 2020
Synopsis
Characteristics and Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease Patients under Nonsurge Conditions, Northern California, USA, March–April 2020
Table 2
Clinical characteristics and laboratory and radiographic findings for COVID-19 patients, northern California, 2020
| Characteristic | COVID-19 patients |
p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All, n = 72 | Non-ICU, n = 51 | ICU, n = 21 | ||
| Symptoms, no. (%) | ||||
| Fever | 53 (73.6) | 37 (72.5) | 16 (76.2) | 1.00 |
| Chills | 25 (34.7) | 15 (29.4) | 10 (47.6) | 0.18 |
| Cough, dry | 42 (58.3) | 28 (54.9) | 14 (66.7) | 0.44 |
| Cough, productive | 15 (20.8) | 12 (23.5) | 3 (14.3) | 0.53 |
| Shortness of breath | 41 (56.9) | 29 (56.9) | 12 (57.1) | 1.00 |
| Chest pain/pressure | 8 (11.1) | 6 (11.8) | 2 (9.5) | 1.00 |
| Fatigue | 26 (36.1) | 21 (41.2) | 5 (23.8) | 0.19 |
| Myalgias | 32 (44.4) | 19 (37.3) | 13 (61.9) | 0.07 |
| Arthralgias | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.0) | 0 | 1.00 |
| Headache | 14 (19.4) | 9 (17.6) | 5 (23.8) | 0.53 |
| Sore throat | 10 (13.9) | 5 (9.8) | 5 (23.8) | 0.14 |
| Nasal congestion/rhinorrhea | 7 (9.7) | 3 (5.9) | 4 (19.0) | 0.18 |
| Nausea | 17 (23.6) | 15 (29.4) | 2 (9.5) | 0.13 |
| Vomiting | 7 (9.7) | 7 (13.7) | 0 | 0.01 |
| Diarrhea | 19 (26.4) | 13 (25.5) | 6 (28.6) | 0.78 |
| Altered sense of taste/smell | 4 (5.6) | 3 (5.9) | 1 (4.8) | 1.00 |
| Other† |
16 (22.2) |
11 (21.6) |
5 (23.8) |
NP |
| Vital signs | ||||
| Medium max temp in first 24 h, °C (IQR) | 38.1 (37.3–38.8) | 37.8 (37.2–38.7) | 38.6 (38.6–39.3) | <0.05 |
| Temperature >38.2°C, no. (%) | 34 (47.2) | 19 (37.3) | 15 (71.4) | <0.05 |
| Room air SaO2, no. (%) | ||||
| SaO2 >94 | 42 (58.3) | 36 (70.6) | 6 (28.6) | <0.05 |
| Median SaO2 | 30 (41.7) | 15 (29.4) | 15 (71.4) | |
| <94 RR (IQR) |
20 (18–22) |
19 (18–20) |
22 (18–27) |
<0.05 |
| Laboratory results, median (IQR)‡ | ||||
| Leukocytes, K/μL | 5.6 (4.3–7.8) | 5.7 (4.4–8.1) | 5.2 (4.0–7.0) | 0.40 |
| ANC, n = 71 | 3,890 (2,705–5,835) | 3,875 (2,630–5,725) | 4140 (2930–6430) | 0.42 |
| ALC, n = 71 | 910 (580–1,235) | 915 (592–1,335) | 890 (520–1,090) | 0.47 |
| Platelets, K/μL | 194 (160–256) | 198 (162–265) | 183 (157–250) | 0.40 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 136 (133–138) | 136 (132–139) | 136 (134–137) | 1.00 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 3.8 (3.7–4.2) | 3.9 (3.7–4.2) | 3.8 (3.6–4.0) | 0.31 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.89 (0.67–1.07) | 0.89 (0.73–1.07) | 0.89 (0.66–1.07) | 0.69 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 108 (98–124) | 107 (96–120) | 114 (102–147) | 0.18 |
| AST, U/L | 45.5 (31.8–63.5) | 45.0 (29.0–59.5) | 52.0 (38.0–82.0) | 0.04 |
| ALT, U/L | 36.5 (23.8–56.2) | 35.0 (22.5–51.5) | 49.0 (34.0–58.0) | 0.09 |
| CK, total, U/L | 119 (55–360) | 53 (48–70) | 282 (174–774) | 0.01 |
| LDH, U/L | 394 (251–492) | 344 (250–442) | 430 (299–522) | 0.03 |
| Ferritin, ng/mL | 824 (453–1643) | 612 (304–1030) | 1422 (817–1944) | 0.04 |
| CRP >0.5 ng/dL, no./total (%) | 36/41 (87.8) | 21/26 (80.8) | 15/15 (100) | 0.14 |
| IL-6 >5 pg/mL, no./total (%) | 5/7 (71.4) | 3/3 (100) | 2/4 (50.0) | 0.43 |
| Procalcitonin >0.5 ng/mL, no./total (%) | 4/47 (8.5) | 3/33 (9.1) | 1/14 (7.1) | 1.0 |
| D-dimer >0.5 μg/mL, no./total (%) | 20/26 (76.9) | 14/19 (73.7) | 6/7 (85.7) | 1.0 |
| Troponin >0.055 ng/mL, no./total (%) |
2/45 (4.4) |
1/31 (3.2) |
1/14 (7.1) |
0.53 |
| Radiology, no. (%) | ||||
| Chest radiograph | ||||
| Diffuse/patchy bilateral infiltrates | 45 (62.5) | 26 (51.0) | 19 (90.5) | <0.05§ |
| Focal consolidation | 11 (15.3) | 9 (17.6) | 2 (9.5) | NP |
| Pleural effusion | 4 (5.6) | 2 (3.9) | 2 (9.5) | |
| Clear | 11 (15.3) | 11 (21.6) | 0 | |
| Other¶ | 5 (6.9) | 4 (7.8) | 1 (4.8) | |
| Chest computed tomography scan | ||||
| Diffuse/multifocal/GGO/opacities | 11 (15.3) | 8 (15.7) | 3 (14.3) | |
| Diffuse consolidations | 4 (5.6) | 3 (5.9) | 1 (4.8) | |
| Focal consolidation | 2 (2.8) | 2 (3.0) | 0 | |
*ALC, absolute lymphocyte count; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ANC, absolute neutrophil count; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CK, creatinine kinase; COVID-19, coronavirus disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; GGO, ground glass opacities; IL-6, interleukin-6; IQR, interquartile range; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; NP, test not performed; RR, respiratory rate.
†Altered mental status, dizziness, night sweats, anorexia, and abdominal pain.
‡Reference ranges: leukocytes, 4.0–11.0 K/μL; ANC, 1,700–6,700 cells/μL; ALC, 1,000–3,000 cells/μL; platelets, 150–400 K/μL; sodium, 135–145 mmol/L; potassium, 3.5–5.5 mmol/L; creatinine, 0.67–1.17 mg/dL; glucose, 70–100 mg/dL; AST, 10–50 U/L; ALT, 10–50 U/L; CK, total <190 U/L; LDH, 135–225 U/L; ferritin 30–400 ng/mL; CRP <0.5 ng/dL; IL-6, <5 pg/mL; procalcitonin, <0.5 ng/mL; D-dimer, <0.5 μg/mL; troponin <0.055 ng/mL.
§Compares diffuse/patchy bilateral infiltrates with all other categories combined.
¶Bibasilar opacities and interstitial markings.
1These authors contributed equally to this article.