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Volume 27, Number 5—May 2021
Research

Epidemiologic History and Genetic Diversity Origins of Chikungunya and Dengue Viruses, Paraguay

Tiago Gräf1, Cynthia Vazquez1, Marta Giovanetti1, Fernanda de Bruycker-Nogueira1, Vagner Fonseca1, Ingra Morales Claro, Jaqueline Goes de Jesus, Andrea Gómez, Joilson Xavier, Marcos Cesar Lima de Mendonça, Shirley Villalba, Juan Torales, Maria Liz Gamarra, Julien Thézé, Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis, Vasco Azevedo, Tulio de Oliveira, Leticia Franco, Carlos F. Campelo de Albuquerque, Sandra Irala, Edward Charles Holmes, Jairo Andrés Méndez RicoComments to Author , and Luiz Carlos Junior AlcantaraComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (T. Gräf, J.G. de Jesus); Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (C. Vazquez, M. Giovanetti, F. de Bruycker-Nogueira, V. Fonseca, J. Xavier, M.C.L. de Mendonça, A.M. Bispo de Filippis, L.C.J. Alcantara); Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública, Asunción, Paraguay (C. Vazquez, A. Gómez, S. Villalba, J. Torales, M.L. Gamarra); Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (M. Giovanetti, V. Fonseca, J. Xavier, V. Azevedo, L.C.J. Alcantara); University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa (V. Fonseca, T. de Oliveira); Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (I.M. Claro); University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (J. Thézé); University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (T. de Oliveira); Organización Panamericana de la Salud /Organización Mundial de la Salud, Panama City, Panama (L. Franco); Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil (C.F. Campelo de Albuquerque); Dirección General de Vigilancia de la Salud Paraguay, Asunción (S. Irala); The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia E.C. Holmes); Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA (J.A.M. Rico)

Main Article

Figure 1

Geopolitical map of Paraguay showing locations of sampling for dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Circle sizes are scaled to represent the number of genomes isolated in each municipality. Numbers inside triangles indicate sampled departments: 1, Amambay; 2, San Pedro; 3, Alto Paraná; 4, Itapúa; 5, Guairá; 6, Paraguarí; 7, Central; 8, Asunción. Callout map shows the Central and Asunción Departments of Paraguay; inset map shows the location of Paraguay in South America.

Figure 1. Geopolitical map of Paraguay showing locations of sampling for dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Circle sizes are scaled to represent the number of genomes isolated in each municipality. Numbers inside triangles indicate sampled departments: 1, Amambay; 2, San Pedro; 3, Alto Paraná; 4, Itapúa; 5, Guairá; 6, Paraguarí; 7, Central; 8, Asunción. Callout map shows the Central and Asunción Departments of Paraguay; inset map shows the location of Paraguay in South America.

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Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: March 09, 2021
Page updated: April 20, 2021
Page reviewed: April 20, 2021
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