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Volume 27, Number 5—May 2021
Research

Epidemiologic History and Genetic Diversity Origins of Chikungunya and Dengue Viruses, Paraguay

Tiago Gräf1, Cynthia Vazquez1, Marta Giovanetti1, Fernanda de Bruycker-Nogueira1, Vagner Fonseca1, Ingra Morales Claro, Jaqueline Goes de Jesus, Andrea Gómez, Joilson Xavier, Marcos Cesar Lima de Mendonça, Shirley Villalba, Juan Torales, Maria Liz Gamarra, Julien Thézé, Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis, Vasco Azevedo, Tulio de Oliveira, Leticia Franco, Carlos F. Campelo de Albuquerque, Sandra Irala, Edward Charles Holmes, Jairo Andrés Méndez RicoComments to Author , and Luiz Carlos Junior AlcantaraComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (T. Gräf, J.G. de Jesus); Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (C. Vazquez, M. Giovanetti, F. de Bruycker-Nogueira, V. Fonseca, J. Xavier, M.C.L. de Mendonça, A.M. Bispo de Filippis, L.C.J. Alcantara); Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública, Asunción, Paraguay (C. Vazquez, A. Gómez, S. Villalba, J. Torales, M.L. Gamarra); Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (M. Giovanetti, V. Fonseca, J. Xavier, V. Azevedo, L.C.J. Alcantara); University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa (V. Fonseca, T. de Oliveira); Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (I.M. Claro); University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (J. Thézé); University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA (T. de Oliveira); Organización Panamericana de la Salud /Organización Mundial de la Salud, Panama City, Panama (L. Franco); Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde/Organização Mundial da Saúde, Brasília, Brazil (C.F. Campelo de Albuquerque); Dirección General de Vigilancia de la Salud Paraguay, Asunción (S. Irala); The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia E.C. Holmes); Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA (J.A.M. Rico)

Main Article

Table

Patient demographic and virus sequencing data for samples from the Laboratorio Central de Salud Publica de Asunción, Paraguay, 2014–2018*

Sample Virus Department, municipality Collection date Patient age, y/sex Ct Reads Genome coverage, %
PY02 CHIKV-Asian genotype Paraguarí, Yaguarón 2016 Jan 20 40/M 23.6 204,763 88.1
PY03 CHIKV-Asian genotype Paraguarí, Yaguarón 2016 Jan 21 67/M 16.9 215,137 87.0
PY06 CHIKV-Asian genotype Paraguarí, Yaguarón 2016 Feb 16 9/M 26.9 282,182 88.3
PY07 CHIKV-Asian genotype Paraguarí, Yaguarón 2016 Fab 19 34/F 29.7 267,784 87.2
PY08 CHIKV-Asian genotype Paraguarí, Yaguarón 2016 Feb 22 39/F 30.2 142,555 87.1
PY09 CHIKV-Asian genotype Asunción, Asunción 2016 Mar 21 27/F 28 265,596 87.9
PY12 CHIKV-ECSA/BR Amambay, Pedro Juan Caballero 2018 21/M 29 236,285 84.8
PY13 CHIKV-ECSA/BR Amambay, Pedro Juan Caballero 2018 Jun 25 35/F 28 175,112 85.3
PY15 CHIKV-ECSA/BR Amambay, Bella Vista Norte 2018 Jun 29 40/F 34 17,030 70.9
PY17 CHIKV-ECSA/BR Amambay, Bella Vista Norte 2018 Jul 3 22/M 34 320,142 86.8
PY18 CHIKV-ECSA/BR Amambay, Bella Vista Norte 2018 Jul 10 57/M 29 315,588 86.0
PY19 DENV-4 Guairá, Villarrica 2018 Apr 23 38/F 23 22,041 82.3
PY21 DENV-4 Guairá, Villarrica 2018 Apr 26 68/F 22 21,042 96.0
PY22 DENV-4 Guairá, Villarrica 2018 Apr 27 52/M 22 13,213 96.0
PY23 DENV-4 Central, San Lorenzo 2018 May 6 19/M 27 11,548 74.6
PY24 DENV-1 San Pedro, San Pedro De Ycuamandyju 2018 May 4 29/F 20 7,265 89.1
PY25 DENV-4 Central, San Lorenzo 2018 May 5 38/F 21 17,299 96.0
PY27 DENV-4 Alto Paraná, Domingo Martinez De Irala 2018 May 9 27/F 19 21,188 96.0
PY28 DENV-4 Alto Paraná, Hernandarias 2018 May 30/M 21 22,800 86.6
PY31 DENV-4 Alto Paraná, Hernandarias 2018 May 22 14/M 32 8,770 95.9
PY32 DENV-4 Central, San Lorenzo 2018 May 31 28/M 28 6,907 96.0
PY33 DENV-1 Asunción, Asunción 2018 May 31 3/F 22 9,846 76.8
PY34 DENV-4 Alto Paraná, Juan Leon Mallorquin 2018 May 28 47/F 26 7,945 96.0
PY35 DENV-1 Itapúa, Encarnacion 2018 Jun 7 62/F 23 119,293 89.1
PY36 DENV-1 Itapúa, Encarnacion 2018 Jun 8 61/M 23 6,448 76.8
PY38 DENV-1 Itapúa, Cambyreta 2018 Jun 8 6/F 25 111,057 89.1
PY43 DENV-1 Guairá, Villarrica 2018 Jun 4 53/F 25 8,779 89.1
PY44 CHIKV-Asian genotype Central, Luque 2014 Nov 30 33/F 24 13,687 85.1
PY45 CHIKV-Asian genotype Amambay, Pedro Juan Caballero 2014 Nov 3 54/M 24 12,214 86.6
PY47 CHIKV-Asian genotype Central, Guarambare 2015 Apr 26 25/M 17 9,536 85.2
PY48 CHIKV-Asian genotype Central, Fernando De La Mora 2015 Apr 28 50/F 18 6,002 86.6
PY49 CHIKV-Asian genotype Central, Fernando De La Mora 2015 May 3 12/F 27 53,928 86.4
PY50 CHIKV-Asian genotype Central, Fernando De La Mora 2015 May 6 25/F 16 49,813 86.8

*CHIKV, chikungunya virus; Ct, cycle threshold; DENV, dengue virus; ECSA/BR, East/Central/South African genotype from Brazil.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: March 09, 2021
Page updated: April 20, 2021
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