Volume 27, Number 5—May 2021
Research
Prevalence and Clinical Profile of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection among Farmworkers, California, USA, June–November 2020
Joseph A. Lewnard1
, Ana M. Mora1, Oguchi Nkwocha, Katherine Kogut, Stephen A. Rauch, Norma Morga, Samantha Hernandez, Marcus P. Wong, Karen Huen, Kristin Andrejko, Nicholas P. Jewell, Kimberly L. Parra, Nina Holland, Eva Harris, Maximiliano Cuevas, Brenda Eskenazi, and on behalf of the CHAMACOS-Project-19 Study Team2
, Ana M. Mora1, Oguchi Nkwocha, Katherine Kogut, Stephen A. Rauch, Norma Morga, Samantha Hernandez, Marcus P. Wong, Karen Huen, Kristin Andrejko, Nicholas P. Jewell, Kimberly L. Parra, Nina Holland, Eva Harris, Maximiliano Cuevas, Brenda Eskenazi, and on behalf of the CHAMACOS-Project-19 Study Team2
Table 2
Demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and SARS-CoV-2 infection among persons recruited for cross-sectional study of farmworkers, Monterey County, California, USA, July 16–November 30, 2020*
| Characteristics | Enrollees, no. (%) |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| All, n = 1,115 | Clinic, n = 565 | Outreach, n = 550 | |
| Age range, y | |||
| 18–29 | 277 (24.8) | 140 (24.7) | 137 (24.9) |
| 30–39 | 274 (24.6) | 136 (24.0) | 138 (25.1) |
| 40–49 | 298 (26.7) | 163 (28.8) | 135 (24.5) |
| 50–59 | 200 (17.9) | 90 (15.9) | 110 (20.0) |
| >60 |
66 (5.9) |
36 (6.4) |
30 (5.5) |
| Sex | |||
| F | 586 (52.6) | 302 (53.5) | 284 (51.6) |
| M |
529 (47.4) |
263 (46.5) |
266 (48.4) |
| Country of birth | |||
| Mexico | 929 (83.3) | 486 (86.0) | 443 (80.5) |
| United States | 142 (12.7) | 49 (8.7) | 93 (16.9) |
| Other |
44 (3.9) |
30 (5.3) |
14 (2.5) |
| Language spoken at home | |||
| Spanish | 948 (85.0) | 460 (81.4) | 488 (88.7) |
| English | 57 (5.1) | 21 (3.7) | 36 (6.5) |
| Indigenous language |
110 (9.9) |
84 (14.9) |
26 (4.7) |
| Education | n = 1,114 | n = 564 | n = 550 |
| Never attended school | 62 (5.6) | 48 (8.5) | 14 (2.5) |
| Some primary school | 430 (38.6) | 229 (40.5) | 201 (36.5) |
| Primary school complete | 238 (21.3) | 119 (21.1) | 119 (21.6) |
| Some high school | 142 (12.7) | 68 (12.0) | 74 (13.5) |
| High school complete |
242 (21.7) |
100 (17.7) |
142 (25.8) |
| Family income, US $ | n = 1,059 | n = 536 | n =523 |
| <25,000 | 560 (52.8) | 291 (54.3) | 269 (51.4) |
| 25,000–34,999 | 260 (24.6) | 112 (20.9) | 148 (28.3) |
| 35,000–49,999 | 162 (15.3) | 86 (16.0) | 76 (14.5) |
| >50,000 |
77 (7.3) |
47 (8.8) |
30 (5.7) |
| Years in United States | n = 1,114 | n = 564 | n = 550 |
| <15 | 262 (26.9) | 157 (30.4) | 105 (23.0) |
| 15–19 | 194 (19.9) | 110 (21.3) | 84 (18.4) |
| 20–29 | 299 (30.7) | 141 (27.3) | 158 (34.6) |
| >30 |
217 (22.3) |
107 (20.7) |
110 (24.1) |
| H2A visa holder | n = 960 | n = 509 | n = 451 |
| Holds H2A visa |
65 (6.8) |
20 (4.0) |
45 (10.0) |
| Body mass index | n = 1,087 | n = 545 | n = 542 |
| <18.5, underweight | 4 (0.4) | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.4) |
| 18.5–24.9, normal | 194 (17.8) | 106 (19.4) | 88 (16.2) |
| 25–29.9 overweight | 423 (38.9) | 212 (38.9) | 211 (38.9) |
| >30, obese |
466 (42.9) |
225 (41.3) |
241 (44.5) |
| Smoking | n = 1,114 | n = 564 | n = 550 |
| Never smoked | 907 (81.4) | 460 (81.6) | 447 (81.3) |
| Former smoker | 158 (14.2) | 86 (15.2) | 72 (13.1) |
| Current smoker |
49 (4.4) |
18 (3.2) |
31 (5.6) |
| Recent COVID-19 symptoms | n = 1,108 | n = 565 | n = 543 |
| Symptoms in preceding 2 weeks |
301 (27.2) |
200 (35.8) |
101 (18.4) |
| History of COVID-19 symptoms | n = 1,108 | n = 558 | n = 550 |
| Symptoms since pandemic started in December 2019 |
457 (41.2) |
266 (47.7) |
191 (34.7) |
| SARS-CoV-2 infection | n = 1,111 | n = 563 | n = 548 |
| Positive TMA result |
141 (12.7) |
105 (18.7) |
36 (6.6) |
| Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection | n = 1,058 | n = 526 | n = 532 |
| Positive antibody result | 201 (19.0) | 97 (18.4) | 104 (19.5) |
*Clinic participants are those recruited on clinic premises, where they might have been seeking care for COVID-19 or any other illness. Outreach participants are those recruited at mobile testing operations in the community, who were not seeking medical care. COVID-19, coronavirus disease; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TMA, transcription-mediated amplification nucleic acid assay.
1These authors contributed equally to this article.
2Members of the CHAMACOS-Project-19 Study Team are listed at the end of this article.
Page created: February 27, 2021
Page updated: April 20, 2021
Page reviewed: April 20, 2021
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.