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Volume 28, Supplement—December 2022
SUPPLEMENT ISSUE
Surveillance

Comparison of COVID-19 Pandemic Waves in 10 Countries in Southern Africa, 2020–2021

Joshua Smith-SreenComments to Author , Bridget Miller, Alinune N. Kabaghe, Evelyn Kim, Nellie Wadonda-Kabondo, Alean Frawley, Sarah Labuda, Eusébio Manuel, Helga Frietas, Anne C. Mwale, Tebogo Segolodi, Pauline Harvey, Onalenna Seitio-Kgokgwe, Alfredo E. Vergara, Eduardo S. Gudo, Eric J. Dziuban, Naemi Shoopala, Jonas Z. Hines, Simon Agolory, Muzala Kapina, Nyambe Sinyange, Michael Melchior, Kelsey Mirkovic, Agnes Mahomva, Surbhi Modhi, Stephanie Salyer, Andrew S. Azman, Catherine McLean, Lul P. Riek, Fred Asiimwe, Michelle Adler, Sikhatele Mazibuko, Velephi Okello, and Andrew F. Auld
Author affiliations: Public Health Institute/US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Global Health Fellowship Program, Lilongwe, Malawi (J. Smith-Sreen, B. Miller); Malawi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lilongwe (A.N. Kabaghe, E. Kim, N. Wadonda-Kabondo, A.F. Auld); Angola Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Luanda, Angola (A. Frawley, S. Labuda); Angola Ministry of Health, Luanda (E. Manuel, H. Frietas); Public Health Institute of Malawi (PHIM), Lilongwe (A.C. Mwale); Botswana Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Gaborone, Botswana (T. Segolodi, P. Harvey); Botswana Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone (O. Seitio-Kgokgwe); Mozambique Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maputo, Mozambique (A.E. Vergara); Mozambique National Institute for Health, Maputo (A.E. Vergara, E.J. Gudo); Namibia Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Windhoek, Namibia (E.J. Dziuban); Namibia Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek (N. Shoopala); Zambia; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lusaka, Zambia (J.Z. Hines, S. Agolory); Zambia National Public Health Institute (ZNPHI), Lusaka (M. Kapina, N. Sinyange); Zimbabwe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Harare, Zimbabwe (M. Melchior, K. Mirkovic); Zimbabwe Office of the President and Cabinet, Harare (A. Mahomva); US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (S. Modi, S.J. Salyer, C. McLean); Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (S.J. Salyer, L.P. Riek); Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (A.S. Azman); Lesotho Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Maseru, Lesotho (F. Asiimwe); Eswatini Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lobamba, Swaziland (M. Adler, S. Mazibuko); Eswatini Ministry of Health, Lobamba (V. Okello); The Global Fund, Geneva, Switzerland (A.F. Auld)

Main Article

Table 6

Most frequent public health and social measure types implemented across COVID-19 pandemic waves for 10 countries in southern Africa, January 1, 2020–September 19, 2021*

Wave Most common measures Least common measures
Wave 1
Beginning Workplace closing, cancel public events, restrictions on gatherings, international travel Public transport closings
Peak School closing, workplace closing, cancel public events, restrictions on gatherings, international travel Public transport closings
End School closing, workplace closing, cancel public events, restrictions on gatherings, international travel Public transport closings
Duration
 School closing, workplace closing, cancel public events, international travel
 Public transport closings
Wave 2
Beginning Workplace closing, cancel public events, restrictions on gatherings, international travel Public transport closings
Peak School closing, workplace closing, cancel public events, restrictions on gatherings, international travel Movement restrictions
End School closing, cancel public events, restrictions on gatherings, international travel Close public transport, movement restrictions
Duration
 School closing, cancel public events, restrictions on gatherings, international travel
 Public transport closings
Wave 3
Beginning Restrictions on gatherings, international travel Movement restrictions
Peak Workplace closing, cancel public events, restrictions on gatherings, international travel Public transport closings, movement restrictions
End Workplace closing, international travel Movement restrictions
Duration International travel School closings

*Public health and social measures, as defined and measured by Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/research/research-projects/covid-19-government-response-tracker), accessed 2021 Sep 20.

Main Article

Page created: July 12, 2022
Page updated: December 11, 2022
Page reviewed: December 11, 2022
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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