Volume 28, Number 3—March 2022
Research
Higher Viral Stability and Ethanol Resistance of Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus on Human Skin
, Takaaki Nakaya, Hajime Miyazaki, Naoto Watanabe, Takuma Yoshida, Tomo Daidoji, Yoshito Itoh, and Hiroshi Ikegaya
Table 2
Survival times and half-lives of various subtypes of influenza viruses on the surface of human skin*
| Subtype |
Median survival time (95% CI), h† |
Median half-life (95% CI), h‡ |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 (log10 FFU) |
3 (log10 FFU) |
2 (log10 FFU) |
||
| H5N1-Ky | 4.66 (4.21–5.13) | 0.20 (0.18–0.23) | 0.27 (0.24–0.30) | 0.40 (0.36–0.45) |
| H5N1-Eg | 4.54 (4.14–4.97) | 0.20 (0.18–0.22) | 0.26 (0.24–0.29) | 0.40 (0.36–0.44) |
| H7N9 | 1.96 (1.84–2.08) | 0.08 (0.08–0.09) | 0.11 (0.11–0.12) | 0.17 (0.16–0.18) |
| H5N3 | 2.10 (1.94–2.26) | 0.09 (0.08–0.10) | 0.12 (0.11–0.13) | 0.18 (0.17–0.20) |
| H5N9 | 2.03 (1.89–2.17) | 0.09 (0.08–0.09) | 0.12 (0.11–0.13) | 0.18 (0.16–0.19) |
| H3N2 | 2.03 (1.89–2.17) | 0.09 (0.08–0.10) | 0.12 (0.11–0.13) | 0.18 (0.16–0.19) |
| H1N1-PR8 | 1.97 (1.83–2.12) | 0.08 (0.08–0.09) | 0.11 (0.10–0.12) | 0.17 (0.15–0.18) |
| H1N1-Ok-pdm | 2.10 (1.93–2.27) | 0.09 (0.08–0.10) | 0.12 (0.11–0.13) | 0.18 (0.17–0.20) |
*FFU, focus-forming unit; H5N1-Ky, A/crow/Kyoto/53/04 (H5N1); H5N1-Eg, A/chicken/Egypt/CL6/07 (H5N1); H7N9, A/Anhui/1/23 (H7N9); H5N3, A/Duck/Hong Kong/820/80 (H5N3); H5N9, A/Turkey/Ontario/7732/66 (H5N9); H3N2, Clinical strain (H3N2); H1N1-PR8, A/Puerto Rico /8/1934 (H1N1); H1N1-Ok-pdm, A/Osaka/64/2009 (H1N1). †The elapsed time was used as the explanatory variable (x-axis), and the logarithmic virus titer was used as the explained variable (y-axis). A linear regression analysis with logarithmic link function was performed for each virus to create a curve of regression (Appendix Figure 2). Because the detection limit of each influenza virus titer was 101 FFUs, the X value (when the Y value of the regression curve was 1.0) was used as the survival times. ‡The half-life of each virus was calculated from the slope of each regression curve when the amount of virus remaining on the surface was 2, 3, or 4 log10 FFUs.