Volume 28, Number 3—March 2022
Research
Higher Viral Stability and Ethanol Resistance of Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus on Human Skin
, Takaaki Nakaya, Hajime Miyazaki, Naoto Watanabe, Takuma Yoshida, Tomo Daidoji, Yoshito Itoh, and Hiroshi Ikegaya
Table 6
Survival time and half-lives of various recombinant viruses on the surface of human skin*
| Subtype† |
Median survival time (95% CI), h‡ |
Median half-life (95% CI), h‡ |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 (log10 FFU) |
3 (log10 FFU) |
2 (log10 FFU) |
||
| rH5N1-H5N3-NA | 2.04 (1.79–2.31) | 0.09 (0.08–0.10) | 0.12 (0.10–0.14) | 0.18 (0.15–0.21) |
| rH5N1-H5N3-HA | 2.06 (1.77–2.37) | 0.09 (0.08–0.11) | 0.12 (0.10–0.14) | 0.18 (0.15–0.21) |
| rH5N3-H5N1-NA | 4.65 (3.94–5.43) | 0.20 (0.17–0.25) | 0.27 (0.23–0.33) | 0.41 (0.35–0.49) |
| rH5N3-H5N1-NS | 2.18 (1.83–2.55) | 0.10 (0.08–0.12) | 0.13 (0.11–0.16) | 0.19 (0.16–0.23) |
| rH5N3-H5N1-M | 2.22 (1.87–2.61) | 0.10 (0.08–0.12) | 0.13 (0.11–0.16) | 0.19 (0.16–0.24) |
| rH5N3-H5N1-HA | 2.16 (1.83–2.52) | 0.09 (0.07–0.11) | 0.13 (0.11–0.15) | 0.19 (0.16–0.23) |
*FFU, focus-forming unit. †A/crow/Kyoto/53/04 (H5N1) recombined with the NA and HA genes of A/Duck/Hong Kong/820/80 (H5N3) are defined as rH5N1-H5N3-NA and rH5N1-H5N3-HA, respectively. In addition, A/Duck/Hong Kong/820/80 (H5N3) recombined into the NA, NS, M, and HA genes of A/crow/Kyoto/53/04 (H5N1) was defined as rH5N3-H5N1-NA, rH5N3-H5N1-NS, rH5N3-H5N1-M, rH5N3-H5N1-HA. ‡The elapsed time was used as the explanatory variable (x-axis), and the logarithmic virus titer was used as the explained variable (y-axis). A linear regression analysis with logarithmic link function was performed for each virus to create a curve of regression (Appendix Figure 4). Since the detection limit of each influenza virus titer was 101 FFUs, the X value (when the Y value of the regression curve was 1.0) was used as the survival time. §The half-life of each virus was calculated from the slope of each regression curve when the amount of virus remaining on the surface was 2, 3, or 4 log10 FFUs.