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Virulence of Burkholderia pseudomallei ATS2021 Unintentionally Imported to United States in Aromatherapy Spray
Christopher K. Cote
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, Kevin D. Mlynek, Christopher P. Klimko, Sergei S. Biryukov, Sherry Mou, Melissa Hunter, Nathaniel O. Rill, Jennifer L. Dankmeyer, Jeremey A. Miller, Yuli Talyansky, Michael L. Davies, J. Matthew Meinig, Stephanie A. Halasohoris, Anette M. Gray, Jade L. Spencer, Ashley L. Babyak, M. Kelly Hourihan, Bobby J. Curry, Ronald G. Toothman, Sara I. Ruiz, Xiankun Zeng, Keersten M. Ricks, Tamara L. Clements, Christina E. Douglas, Suma Ravulapalli, Christopher P. Stefan, Charles J. Shoemaker, Mindy G. Elrod, Jay E. Gee, Zachary P. Weiner, Ju Qiu, Joel A. Bozue, Nancy A. Twenhafel, and David DeShazer
Author affiliations: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA (C.K. Cote, K.D. Mlynek, C.P. Klimko, S.S. Biryukov, S. Mou, M. Hunter, N.O. Rill, J.L. Dankmeyer, J.A. Miller, Y. Talyansky, M.L. Davies, J.M. Meinig, S.A. Halasohoris, A.M. Gray, J.L. Spencer, A.L. Babyak, M.K. Hourihan, B.J. Curry, R.G. Toothman, S.I. Ruiz, X. Zeng, K.M. Ricks, T.L. Clements, C.E. Douglas, S. Ravulapalli, C.P. Stefan, C.J. Shoemaker, J. Qiu, J.A. Bozue, N.A. Twenhafel, D. DeShazer); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.G. Elrod, J.E. Gee, Z.P. Weiner)
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Figure 12
![Profiling of differentially expressed genes revealing downregulation of markers associated with oligodendrocytes after exposure to aerosolized Burkholderia pseudomallei strain ATS2021, the causative strain in an an outbreak of 4 cases, 2 of them fatal, in the United States in 2021. A) Significant downregulation or decreased expression of genes involved in oligodendrocyte function was observed in select challenge groups of mice on days 1,3, and 5 after challenge. Values are normalized to unchallenged control mice and represent 4 mice per group. Significance based on a 2-way analysis of variance. Error bars indicate 95% CIs. B) Heat map of differentially expressed genes associated with NanoString oligodendrocyte cell profiler panel (https://nanostring.com). Fold change is linear, and dots indicate gene changes that were above the significance threshold. C) Expression changes over time in select genes associated with oligodendrocyte function for the 1,150 CFU challenge group. In panels A and C, error bars represent standard deviation.](/eid/images/24-0084-F12.jpg)
Figure 12. Profiling of differentially expressed genes revealing downregulation of markers associated with oligodendrocytes after exposure to aerosolized Burkholderia pseudomallei strain ATS2021, the causative strain in an an outbreak of 4 cases, 2 of them fatal, in the United States in 2021. A) Significant downregulation or decreased expression of genes involved in oligodendrocyte function was observed in select challenge groups of mice on days 1,3, and 5 after challenge. Values are normalized to unchallenged control mice and represent 4 mice per group. Significance based on a 2-way analysis of variance. Error bars indicate 95% CIs. B) Heat map of differentially expressed genes associated with NanoString oligodendrocyte cell profiler panel (https://nanostring.com). Fold change is linear, and dots indicate gene changes that were above the significance threshold. C) Expression changes over time in select genes associated with oligodendrocyte function for the 1,150 CFU challenge group. In panels A and C, error bars represent standard deviation.
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