Virulence of Burkholderia pseudomallei ATS2021 Unintentionally Imported to United States in Aromatherapy Spray
Christopher K. Cote
, Kevin D. Mlynek, Christopher P. Klimko, Sergei S. Biryukov, Sherry Mou, Melissa Hunter, Nathaniel O. Rill, Jennifer L. Dankmeyer, Jeremy A. Miller, Yuli Talyansky, Michael L. Davies, J. Matthew Meinig, Stephanie A. Halasohoris, Annette M. Gray, Jade L. Spencer, Ashley L. Babyak, M. Kelly Hourihan, Bobby J. Curry, Ronald G. Toothman, Sara I. Ruiz, Xiankun Zeng, Keersten M. Ricks, Tamara L. Clements, Christina E. Douglas, Suma Ravulapalli, Christopher P. Stefan, Charles J. Shoemaker, Mindy G. Elrod, Jay E. Gee, Zachary P. Weiner, Ju Qiu, Joel A. Bozue, Nancy A. Twenhafel, and David DeShazer
Author affiliations: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA (C.K. Cote, K.D. Mlynek, C.P. Klimko, S.S. Biryukov, S. Mou, M. Hunter, N.O. Rill, J.L. Dankmeyer, J.A. Miller, Y. Talyansky, M.L. Davies, J.M. Meinig, S.A. Halasohoris, A.M. Gray, J.L. Spencer, A.L. Babyak, M.K. Hourihan, B.J. Curry, R.G. Toothman, S.I. Ruiz, X. Zeng, K.M. Ricks, T.L. Clements, C.E. Douglas, S. Ravulapalli, C.P. Stefan, C.J. Shoemaker, J. Qiu, J.A. Bozue, N.A. Twenhafel, D. DeShazer); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M.G. Elrod, J.E. Gee, Z.P. Weiner)
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Figure 3
Figure 3. Biofilm production for Burkholderia pseudomallei strain ATS2021, the causative strain in an outbreak of 4 cases, 2 of them fatal, in the United States in 2021, in relation to other previously characterized B. pseudomallei clinical isolates. Biofilm formation of bacterial strains was assessed by crystal violet staining as measured by OD600. Biofilm was allowed to form after static growth in LB+4% glycerol for 1 day at 37°C. Clinical isolates used in this assay originated from Thailand (red bars) or Australia (green bars). Error bars represent the SEs from mean values determined from 4 independent assays. ATS2021 formed significantly more biofilm under these conditions compared to all isolates except MSHR5848 as determined by a linear mixed effects model. OD600, optical density at 600 nm.
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