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Volume 30, Number 10—October 2024
Research

Early Introductions of Candida auris Detected by Wastewater Surveillance, Utah, USA, 2022–2023

Jorge Chavez12, Katherine Crank1, Casey Barber, Daniel Gerrity, Thomas Iverson, Joshua Mongillo3, Angela Weil, Linda Rider, Nathan Lacross, Kelly Oakeson, and Alessandro RossiComments to Author 
Author affiliations: Utah Department of Health and Human Services, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA (J. Chavez, T. Iverson, J. Mongillo, A. Weil, L. Rider, N. Lacross, K. Oakeson, A. Rossi); Southern Nevada Water Authority, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA (K. Crank, C. Barber, D. Gerrity)

Main Article

Table 1

Candida auris qPCR and culture results from St. George, Ash Creek, and Cedar City, Utah, USA, 2022–2023*

Site Sample date qPCR Cq No. qPCR amplifications (of 3 reps) Quantifiable (LoQ = 33.03) qPCR ESV, mL/reaction qPCR concentration, log10 gc/L† Culture results Avg. WWTP flow, mgd
St. George 2022 Nov 8 ‡ 0 ‡ 1.13 <2.95‡§ Neg¶ 11.67
2022 Nov 15 ‡ 0 ‡ 1.13 <2.95‡§ Neg¶ 11.55
2022 Nov 29 33.42 3 No 3.75 4.22# Neg¶ 12.21
2022 Dec 6 34.85 2 No 1.00 4.40# Neg¶ 11.89
2022 Dec 13 34.78 2 No 0.75 4.61# Neg¶ 11.84
2023 Jan 10 33.74 3 No 0.50 5.12# Neg¶ 12.47
2023 Jan 24 30.96 3 Yes 1.50 4.91 NP 12.81
2023 Jan 31 31.58 2 Yes 0.25 5.51 NP 12.75
2023 Feb 7 33.53 3 No 0.75 4.49# NP 12.67
2023 Mar 28 NA NA NA NA NA Pos** 14.08
2023 Apr 4 NA NA NA NA NA Pos** 14.06
2023 Apr /6 31.70 3 Yes 0.38 4.81 NP 14.65
2023 Apr 11 29.59 3 Yes 0.30 5.51 NP 13.98
2023 Apr 18 29.22 3 Yes 1.50 4.92 Neg** 13.58
2023 Apr 20 NA NA NA NA NA Neg** 13.30
2023 Apr 25 29.26 3 Yes 0.75 5.20 NP 13.17
2023 May 2 30.38 3 Yes 0.38 5.17 NP 12.99
2023 May 9 30.95 3 Yes 1.88 4.32 NP 12.53
2023 May 16 31.21 3 Yes 1.13 4.47 NP 12.32
2023 May 23 NA NA NA NA NA Neg** 11.92
2023 May 30 32.53 3 Yes 1.13 4.34 Neg** 11.87
2023 Jun 13
 32.18
 3
 Yes
 1.13
 4.44
 Neg**
 11.81
Cedar City 2023 Jan 24 ‡ 0 ‡ 1.50 <2.82‡§ Neg¶ 3.26
2023 Feb 7 ‡ 0 ‡ 0.37 <3.43‡§ NP 3.39
2023 Jun 13
 ‡
 0
 ‡
 0.25
 <3.60‡§
 NP
 2.99
Ash Creek 2023 Jun 13 ‡ 0 ‡ 0.75 <3.12‡§ NP 1.70

*Cq, quantification cycle; ESV, equivalent sample volume; gc, gene copies; LoD, limit of detection; LoQ, limit of quantification; mgd, million gallons/day; NA, samples not analyzed by qPCR; neg, negative; NP, not performed; pos, positive; qPCR, quantitative PCR; WWTP, wastewater treatment plant. †Concentration calculations were based on the average Cq of positive qPCR replicates. ‡Not detectable. §Left-censored concentrations are based on the theoretical LoD of 1 gene copy. ¶Culture performed via centrifugation method. #Reported concentrations are technically below the LoQ. **Culture performed via filtration method.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

2Current affiliation: Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

3Current affiliation: North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA.

Page created: August 28, 2024
Page updated: September 23, 2024
Page reviewed: September 23, 2024
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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