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Volume 30, Number 12—December 2024
Research

Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Japanese Encephalitis Vaccination for Children <15 Years of Age, Bangladesh

An Nguyen1, Rebeca Sultana1Comments to Author , Elisabeth Vodicka, Zareen Tasnim, Kamran Mehedi, Md. Monjurul Islam, S.M. Abdullah Al Murad, Md. Redowan Ullah, Sharmin Sultana, Tahmina Shirin, and Clint Pecenka
Author affiliation: Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (A. Nguyen); icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh (R. Sultana, Z. Tasnim, M.R. Ullah); PATH, Seattle, Washington, USA (E. Vodicka, C. Pecenka); PATH, Dhaka (K. Mehedi); Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, Dhaka (M.M. Islam, S.M.A. Al Murad); Institute of Epidemiology Diseases Control and Research, Dhaka (S. Sultana, T. Shirin)

Main Article

Figure 1

Markov model simulating costs and outcomes in cost-effectiveness analysis of JE vaccination for children <15 years of age, Bangladesh. All persons enter the model with no JE. Acute JE implies symptomatic JE and is a tunnel state, meaning any person in that state stays there for exactly 1 cycle. Those who had acute JE do have a higher mortality rate but must accrue the costs and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of the acute event before transitioning to death. Asymptomatic JE is not associated with higher mortality, costs, or DALYs; rather it eliminates any transition to acute JE. Costs and DALYs for acute and postacute JE are distributed by sequelae presence and severity. Vaccination changes the probability of transitioning from no JE to acute or asymptomatic JE. No other probabilities are changed by presence or absence of vaccination. Each state is associated with an annual cost and disability weight where applicable. This figure was remade from the Markov model in the study conducted in Philippines by the same research group from PATH (31). JE, Japanese encephalitis virus.

Figure 1. Markov model simulating costs and outcomes in cost-effectiveness analysis of JE vaccination for children <15 years of age, Bangladesh. All persons enter the model with no JE. Acute JE implies symptomatic JE and is a tunnel state, meaning any person in that state stays there for exactly 1 cycle. Those who had acute JE do have a higher mortality rate but must accrue the costs and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of the acute event before transitioning to death. Asymptomatic JE is not associated with higher mortality, costs, or DALYs; rather it eliminates any transition to acute JE. Costs and DALYs for acute and postacute JE are distributed by sequelae presence and severity. Vaccination changes the probability of transitioning from no JE to acute or asymptomatic JE. No other probabilities are changed by presence or absence of vaccination. Each state is associated with an annual cost and disability weight where applicable. This figure was remade from the Markov model in the study conducted in Philippines by the same research group from PATH (31). JE, Japanese encephalitis virus.

Main Article

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Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

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