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Volume 30, Supplement—October 2024
SUPPLEMENT ISSUE
Articles

Characteristics of Madariaga and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Infections, Panama

Luis Felipe Rivera1, Carlos Lezcano-Coba1, Josefrancisco Galué, Xacdiel Rodriguez, Yelissa Juarez, William M. de Souza, Zeuz Capitan-Barrios, Anayansi Valderrama, Leyda Abrego, Hector Cedeño, Carmela Jackman, Jesse J. Waggoner, Patricia V. Aguilar, Hilda Guzman, Scott C. Weaver, Robert B. Tesh, Sandra López-Vèrges, Christl A. Donnelly, Cassia F. Estofolete, Mauricio L. Nogueira, Nuno R. Faria, Nikos Vasilakis, Amy Y. Vittor2, Darci R. Smith2Comments to Author , and Jean-Paul Carrera2
Author affiliation: Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama (L.F. Rivera, C. Lezcano-Coba, J. Galué, X. Rodriguez, Y. Juarez, A. Valderrama, L. Abrego, S. López-Vèrges, J.-P. Carrera); Carson Centre for Health and Ecosystem Research, La Peñita, Darién, Panama (L.F. Rivera, C. Lezcano-Coba, J. Galué, X. Rodriguez, Y. Juarez, Z. Capitan-Barrios, A. Valderrama, L. Abrego, J.-P. Carrera); Facultad Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (C. Lezcano-Coba); University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA (W.M. de Souza); Universidad de Panamá, Ciudad de Panamá (Z. Capitan-Barrios, L. Abrego); Ministry of Health, Panama City (H. Cedeño, C. Jackman); Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (J.J. Waggoner), The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA (P.V. Aguilar, H. Guzman, S.C. Weaver, R.B. Tesh, M.L. Nogueira, N. Vasilakis); University of Oxford, Oxford, UK (C.A. Donnelly, J.-P. Carrera); Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil (C.F. Estofolete, M.L. Nogueira); Imperial College London, London, UK (N.R. Faria); Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (N.R. Faria); University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (A.Y. Vittor); Naval Medical Research Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA (D.R. Smith)

Main Article

Figure 1

General laboratory algorithm used for diagnosis of MADV and VEEV, Panama. MADV and VEEV diagnosis made on the basis of days since symptom onset. *In paired samples showing 4-fold increase in antibody titers. †Confirmation after IgG or IgM testing. MADV, Madariaga virus; PRNT, plaque-reduction neutralization test; RT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR; VEEV, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.

Figure 1. General laboratory algorithm used for diagnosis of MADV and VEEV, Panama. MADV and VEEV diagnosis made on the basis of days since symptom onset. *In paired samples showing 4-fold increase in antibody titers. †Confirmation after IgG or IgM testing. MADV, Madariaga virus; PRNT, plaque-reduction neutralization test; RT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR; VEEV, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this work.

2These authors contributed equally to this work.

Page created: September 30, 2024
Page updated: November 11, 2024
Page reviewed: November 11, 2024
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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