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Volume 30, Number 7—July 2024
Dispatch

Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus among Dairy Cattle, Texas, USA

Judith U. Oguzie1, Lyudmyla V. Marushchak1, Ismaila Shittu, John A. Lednicky, Aaron L. Miller, Haiping Hao, Martha I. Nelson, and Gregory C. GrayComments to Author 
Author affiliations: University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA (J.U. Oguzie, L.V. Marushchak, I. Shittu, A.L. Miller, H. Hao, G.C. Gray); University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (J.A. Lednicky); National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (M.I. Nelson)

Main Article

Figure 2

Phylogenetic trees for 8 genome segments in study of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus among dairy cattle, Texas, USA. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees inferred for each of the 8 segments of the influenza A virus genome, including A/cattle/Texas/56283/2024(H5N1) isolated in this study (positioned in the Texas Cattle clade defined in Figure 1) and 3516–3644 H5N1 sequences (depending on the segment) from North America and South America, collected December 21, 2021–March 28, 2024, that were downloaded from GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org) on April 10, 2024. A) Polymerase basic 1; B) polymerase basic 2; C) polymerase acidic; D) hemagglutinin; E) nucleoprotein; F) neuraminidase; G) matrix; H) nonstructural. Outbreaks in Maine harbor seals and gray seals (June 2022), Minnesota goats (March 2024), and Texas cattle/humans (March 2024) are labeled. The American and Eurasian avian influenza lineage are labeled. All branch lengths drawn to scale. Scale bars indicate number of substitutions per site.

Figure 2. Phylogenetic trees for 8 genome segments in study of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus among dairy cattle, Texas, USA. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees inferred for each of the 8 segments of the influenza A virus genome, including A/cattle/Texas/56283/2024(H5N1) isolated in this study (positioned in the Texas Cattle clade defined in Figure 1) and 3516–3644 H5N1 sequences (depending on the segment) from North America and South America, collected December 21, 2021–March 28, 2024, that were downloaded from GISAID (https://www.gisaid.org) on April 10, 2024. A) Polymerase basic 1; B) polymerase basic 2; C) polymerase acidic; D) hemagglutinin; E) nucleoprotein; F) neuraminidase; G) matrix; H) nonstructural. Outbreaks in Maine harbor seals and gray seals (June 2022), Minnesota goats (March 2024), and Texas cattle/humans (March 2024) are labeled. The American and Eurasian avian influenza lineage are labeled. All branch lengths drawn to scale. Scale bars indicate number of substitutions per site.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: June 01, 2024
Page updated: June 22, 2024
Page reviewed: June 22, 2024
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