Emergence of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 3, the Netherlands, September 2023
Melle Holwerda
1 , Inge M.G.A. Santman-Berends
1, Frank Harders, Marc Engelsma, Rianka P.M. Vloet, Eveline Dijkstra, Rene G.P. van Gennip, Maria H. Mars, Marcel Spierenburg, Lotte Roos, René van den Brom
1, and Piet A. van Rijn
1
Author affiliations: Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (M. Holwerda, F. Harders, M. Engelsma, R.P.M. Vloet, R.G.P. van Gennip, P.A. van Rijn); Royal GD, Deventer, the Netherlands (I.M.G.A. Santman-Berends, E. Dijkstra, M.H. Mars, L. Roos, R. van den Brom); Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M. Spierenburg); North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (P.A. van Rijn)
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Figure 3
Figure 3. Clinical manifestations of bluetongue caused by bluetongue virus serotype 3 (BTV-3) variant infections in sheep and cattle in study of emergence of BTV-3 in the Netherlands, September 2023. A–C) Hypersalivation (A), erosion of the oral mucous membranes (B), and bleeding of the lips (C) were observed in sheep infected with the BTV-3 variant. D–F) Ulceration of the oral mucous membrane (D), crust formation at the nostrils (E), and necrosis of the teats (F) were detected in cattle infected with the BTV-3 variant.
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