Volume 31, Number 10—October 2025
Research
Effect of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines on Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Ferrets
Xiangjie Sun1, Jeeva Subbiah1, Jessica A. Belser, Nicole Brock, Shane Gansebom, Zhu-Nan Li, Yu-Jin Jung, Feng Liu, Terrence M. Tumpey, Taronna R. Maines, Min Z. Levine, and Ian A. York
Table 2
Pathogenicity of A(H5N1) influenza virus in naive and vaccinated ferrets in study of the effect of seasonal human influenza vaccination on pathogenesis of human influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus in the ferret model*
| Vaccine group | Mean maximum weight loss, % | Mean temperature rise, °C | RII | Mean log10 peak titer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mock | 15.3 (12.5–18.1) | 2.2 (2.0–2.4) | 1.4 | 5.8 (5.4–6.2) |
| LAIV | 6.2 (2.5–9.9) | 1.2 (0.7–1.7) | 1.0 | 4.5 (3.9–5.0) |
| RIV | 9.3 (6.2–12.3) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 1.1 | 5.6 (5.3–5.9) |
| IIV3 | 13.6 (8.9–18.2) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.1 | 5.9 (5.5–6.3) |
*Values in parentheses are 95% CIs. n = 6 ferrets per vaccine group, n = 12 ferrets in the mock group. The maximum values for each individual ferret were used to calculate maximum weight loss, temperature, and virus titer in nasal washes.IIV3, Fluarix vaccine (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, https://www.gsk.com); LAIV, FluMist vaccine (AstraZeneca, https://www.astrazeneca.com); RII, relative inactivity index; RIV, Flublok vaccine (Sanofi, https://www.sanofi.com).
1These first authors contributed equally to this article.
Page created: August 19, 2025
Page updated: September 25, 2025
Page reviewed: September 25, 2025
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.