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Volume 31, Number 3—March 2025
Dispatch
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Enterobacterales in Municipal Wastewater Collections, Switzerland, 2019–2023
Lisandra Aguilar-Bultet1, Elena Gómez-Sanz1, Ana B. García-Martín, Monica Alt Hug, Reto Furger, Lucas Eichenberger, Claudia Bagutti2, and Sarah Tschudin-Sutter2
Table 2
Quantification across 3 years of presumptive extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales in municipal wastewater collections, Switzerland, 2019–2023, stratified by source*
| Characteristics | ESBL E. coli |
ESBL KESC |
ESBL E. coli + KESC |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed | Urban | Mixed | Urban | Mixed | Urban | |||
| 2019 | ||||||||
| Sample size | n = 12 | n = 51 | n = 12 | n = 51 | n = 12 | n = 51 | ||
| Median CFU/mL (IQR) | 90 (36−210) | 55 (5−165) | 23 (13−94) | 5 (0−75) | 238 (79−318) | 115 (18−273) | ||
| Range, CFU/mL | 5−455 | 0−15,480 | 0−840 | 0−9,700 | 5−885 | 0−15,480 | ||
| p value |
0.654 |
0.420 |
0.531 |
|||||
| 2021 | ||||||||
| Sample size | n = 11 | n = 51 | n = 11 | n = 51 | n = 11 | n = 51 | ||
| Median CFU/mL (IQR) | 770 (375−1,428) | 170 (40−278) | 645 (465−870) | 130 (40−528) | 1,275 (970−2,793) | 445 (170−1,058) | ||
| Range, CFU/mL | 40−4,200 | 0−18,100 | 140−3,900 | 0−11,400 | 230−8100 | 0−18,300 | ||
| p value |
0.107 |
0.179 |
0.283 |
|||||
| 2023 | ||||||||
| Sample size | n = 12 | n = 51 | n = 12 | n = 51 | n = 12 | n = 51 | ||
| Median CFU/mL (IQR) | 515 (296−798) | 110 (43−563) | 620 (275−1,511) | 40 (10−243) | 1,130 (956−2,365) | 260 (63−1,348) | ||
| Range, CFU/mL | 85−3,490 | 0−125,300 | 15−5,550 | 0−3,830 | 155−7,195 | 5−125,300 | ||
| p value | 0.371 |
0.025 |
0.128 |
|||||
*Mixed versus urban by Mann-Whitney U test. Bold text indicates statistically significant value. ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamase; IQR, interquartile range; KESC, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, and Citrobacter group.
1These first authors contributed equally to this article.
2These senior authors contributed equally to this article.
Page created: February 04, 2025
Page updated: February 21, 2025
Page reviewed: February 21, 2025
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