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Volume 31, Number 4—April 2025
Research Letter

Local Circulation of Sindbis Virus in Wild Birds and Horses, the Netherlands, 2021–2022

Kiki Streng1, Cora M. Holicki1, Jenny C. Hesson, Heather Graham, Felicity Chandler, Louie Krol, Rody Blom1, Emmanuelle Münger, Anne van der Linden, Constantianus J.M. Koenraadt, Maarten Schrama, Chiara de Bellegarde de Saint Lary, Leo G. Visser, Bas Oude Munnink, Åke Lundkvist, Marion P.G. Koopmans, Henk P. van der Jeugd, Wim H.M. van der Poel2, and Reina S. Sikkema2Comments to Author 

Author affiliation: Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands (K. Streng, R. Blom, C.J.M. Koenraadt, W.H.M. van der Poel); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (C.M. Holicki, F. Chandler, E. Münger, A. van der Linden, B. Oude Munnink, M.P.G. Koopmans, R.S. Sikkema); Nedre Dalälvens Utvecklings AB, Gysinge, Sweden (J.C. Hesson); Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (J.C. Hesson, Å. Lundkvist); Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (H. Graham, W.H.M. van der Poel); Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (L. Krol, M. Schrama); Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C. de Bellegarde de Saint Lary); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden (C. de Bellegarde de Saint Lary, L.G. Visser); Vogeltrekstation—Dutch Centre for Avian Migration and Demography, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen (H.P. van der Jeugd)

Main Article

Figure

Local circulation of SINV in wild birds and horses, the Netherlands, 2021–2022. A, B) Capture sites and the number of mosquitoes (A) and bird samples (B) screened for SINV by reverse transcription PCR throughout the Netherlands. C) Bird ringing sites (n = 258) of the bird ringers (n = 148) screened for SINV neutralizing antibodies throughout the Netherlands. D) Overview of the serologic screening of horses throughout the Netherlands and birds in a 16-km radius of SINV findings. DR, Drenthe; FL, Flevoland; FR, Friesland; GD, Gelderland; GR, Groningen; LB, Limburg; NB, Noord-Brabant; NH, Noord-Holland; OV Overijssel; SINV, Sindbis virus; UT, Utrecht; ZH, Zuid-Holland; ZL, Zeeland.

Figure. Local circulation of SINV in wild birds and horses, the Netherlands, 2021–2022. A, B) Capture sites and the number of mosquitoes (A) and bird samples (B) screened for SINV by reverse transcription PCR throughout the Netherlands. C) Bird ringing sites (n = 258) of the bird ringers (n = 148) screened for SINV neutralizing antibodies throughout the Netherlands. D) Overview of the serologic screening of horses throughout the Netherlands and birds in a 16-km radius of SINV findings. DR, Drenthe; FL, Flevoland; FR, Friesland; GD, Gelderland; GR, Groningen; LB, Limburg; NB, Noord-Brabant; NH, Noord-Holland; OV Overijssel; SINV, Sindbis virus; UT, Utrecht; ZH, Zuid-Holland; ZL, Zeeland.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

2These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: February 07, 2025
Page updated: March 24, 2025
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