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Volume 31, Number 4—April 2025
Research Letter

Local Circulation of Sindbis Virus in Wild Birds and Horses, the Netherlands, 2021–2022

Kiki Streng1, Cora M. Holicki1, Jenny C. Hesson, Heather Graham, Felicity Chandler, Louie Krol, Rody Blom1, Emmanuelle Münger, Anne van der Linden, Constantianus J.M. Koenraadt, Maarten Schrama, Chiara de Bellegarde de Saint Lary, Leo G. Visser, Bas Oude Munnink, Åke Lundkvist, Marion P.G. Koopmans, Henk P. van der Jeugd, Wim H.M. van der Poel2, and Reina S. Sikkema2Comments to Author 

Author affiliation: Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands (K. Streng, R. Blom, C.J.M. Koenraadt, W.H.M. van der Poel); Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (C.M. Holicki, F. Chandler, E. Münger, A. van der Linden, B. Oude Munnink, M.P.G. Koopmans, R.S. Sikkema); Nedre Dalälvens Utvecklings AB, Gysinge, Sweden (J.C. Hesson); Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (J.C. Hesson, Å. Lundkvist); Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands (H. Graham, W.H.M. van der Poel); Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands (L. Krol, M. Schrama); Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands (C. de Bellegarde de Saint Lary); Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University Center for Infectious Diseases, Leiden (C. de Bellegarde de Saint Lary, L.G. Visser); Vogeltrekstation—Dutch Centre for Avian Migration and Demography, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen (H.P. van der Jeugd)

Main Article

Table

Metrics of seropositive horses and birds and their neutralizing antibody titers as determined by PRNT80 for local circulation of Sindbis virus in wild birds and horses, the Netherlands, 2021–2022*

Site from Figure, panel D Animal ID Sampling date Species, breed Age, y/sex PRNT80 titers Clinical signs
1
 Horse A
 2021 Jul 31
 Horse (Equus caballus), Dutch Warmblood
 10/F
 20
 No
3
 Horse B
 2021 Oct 15
 Horse, Friesian
 1/F
 80
 Yes, neurologic
4
 Horse C
 2021 Sep 12
 Horse, New Forest pony
 30/F
 20
 No
4
 L582243
 2021 Nov 14
 Common blackbird (Turdus merula)
 >1/F
 320
 NA
3
 L571081
 2021 Sep 28
 Common blackbird
 1/M
 320
 NA
3
 H363127
 2022 Jun 22
 Song thrush (Turdus philomelos)
 >2/M
 320
 NA
3
 L521438†
 2021 Jun 21
 Common blackbird
<1/M
 40
 NA
3
 L521438†
 2021 Oct 23
 Common blackbird
<1/M
 <20
 NA
2
 L586249
 2022 May 1
 Song thrush
>1/M
 80
 NA
3
 L521227
 2021 Jun 29
 Common blackbird
4/F
 20
 NA
3
 L571047
 2021 Jun 30
 Common blackbird
>2/M
 20
 NA
3
 L521403
 2021 Jan 6
 Common blackbird
2/M
 40
 NA
3
 L521265
 2022 Oct 16
 Common blackbird
1/M
 160
 NA
2
 L586400
 2022 Oct 23
 Common blackbird
2/M
 40
 NA
1
 L606047
 2022 Dec 27
 Common blackbird
>1/M
 20
 NA
1 L590812 2022 Oct 19 Common blackbird >1/F 40 NA

*ID, identification; NA, not applicable; PRNT80, 80% plaque reduction neutralization test. †Same animal on 2 separate dates.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

2These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: February 07, 2025
Page updated: March 24, 2025
Page reviewed: March 24, 2025
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