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Volume 32, Number 10—October 2026

Dispatch

Comparison of Baloxavir-Based Combinations and Monotherapies for Treating Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Mice

Seong Cheol Min, Ju Ryeong Lee, Beom Kyu Kim, Ji-Hyun Park, Dong Gyu Lee, Gi Chan Lee, Se Hee An, Santosh Chokkakula, Aman Jain, Young Ki Choi, Yun Hee Baek, and Min-Suk SongComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Chungbuk, South Korea (S.C. Min, J.R. Lee, B.K. Kim, J.-H. Park, D.G. Lee, G.C. Lee, S.H. An, S. Chokkakula, A. Jain, Y.H. Baek, M.-S. Song); Korea Virus Research Institute Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea (Y.K. Choi)

Main Article

Figure 1

Therapeutic efficacy of baloxavir-based combinations and monotherapies for treating influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection in mice. Drug names and doses are provided in the keys (e.g., BXA+MPV 20+25 mg/kg indicates BXA/MPV at a dose of 20/25 mg/kg). A–C) Body weight change (mean +SD; n = 7/group) through 18 days postinfection: vehicle, MPV 25 mg/kg, OSP 25 mg/kg, and OSP/MPV 25/25 mg/kg (A); vehicle, OSP 25 mg/kg, BXA 20 mg/kg, and BXA/OSP 20/25 mg/kg (B); vehicle, MPV 25 mg/kg, BXA 20 mg/kg, and BXA/MPV 20/25 mg/kg (C). Dots indicate mean; bars indicate 95% CI; red dotted lines indicate humane endpoint thresholds. D–F) Kaplan–Meier survival (n = 7/group) corresponding to panels A–C; MST values shown in each panel. G–I) Viral titers in lung, brain, and heart at 4 days postinfection (n = 3/group). J–L) Viral titers at 6 dpi (n = 3/group). Bars show group means with individual animals overlaid; dashed line denotes assay limit of detection (1.801 log10 TCID50/mL). BXA, baloxavir acid; MPV, molnupiravir; MST, median survival time; OSP, oseltamivir phosphate; SD, standard deviation; TCID50, 50% tissue culture infectious dose.

Figure 1. Therapeutic efficacy of baloxavir-based combinations and monotherapies for treating influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection in mice. Drug names and doses are provided in the keys (e.g., BXA+MPV 20+25 mg/kg indicates BXA/MPV at a dose of 20/25 mg/kg). A–C) Body weight change (mean +SD; n = 7/group) through 18 days postinfection: vehicle, MPV 25 mg/kg, OSP 25 mg/kg, and OSP/MPV 25/25 mg/kg (A); vehicle, OSP 25 mg/kg, BXA 20 mg/kg, and BXA/OSP 20/25 mg/kg (B); vehicle, MPV 25 mg/kg, BXA 20 mg/kg, and BXA/MPV 20/25 mg/kg (C). Dots indicate mean; bars indicate 95% CI; red dotted lines indicate humane endpoint thresholds. D–F) Kaplan–Meier survival (n = 7/group) corresponding to panels A–C; MST values shown in each panel. G–I) Viral titers in lung, brain, and heart at 4 days postinfection (n = 3/group). J–L) Viral titers at 6 dpi (n = 3/group). Bars show group means with individual animals overlaid; dashed line denotes assay limit of detection (1.801 log10 TCID50/mL). BXA, baloxavir acid; MPV, molnupiravir; MST, median survival time; OSP, oseltamivir phosphate; SD, standard deviation; TCID50, 50% tissue culture infectious dose.

Main Article

Page created: September 05, 2026
Page updated: September 22, 2026
Page reviewed: September 22, 2026
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