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Volume 32, Number 10—October 2026

Dispatch

Comparison of Baloxavir-Based Combinations and Monotherapies for Treating Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Mice

Seong Cheol Min, Ju Ryeong Lee, Beom Kyu Kim, Ji-Hyun Park, Dong Gyu Lee, Gi Chan Lee, Se Hee An, Santosh Chokkakula, Aman Jain, Young Ki Choi, Yun Hee Baek, and Min-Suk SongComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Chungbuk, South Korea (S.C. Min, J.R. Lee, B.K. Kim, J.-H. Park, D.G. Lee, G.C. Lee, S.H. An, S. Chokkakula, A. Jain, Y.H. Baek, M.-S. Song); Korea Virus Research Institute Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea (Y.K. Choi)

Main Article

Figure 4

Brain transcriptomic responses in comparison of baloxavir-based combinations and monotherapies for treating influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection in mice. Response at 6 days postinfection show treatment-associated separation and attenuation of infection-associated pathway perturbations under combination therapy. RNA sequencing performed on brain harvested at 6 days postinfection from same experimental groups as Figure 1 (n = 3/group). A) Principal component analysis of transcriptomic profiles for brain; each point represents an individual mouse, and ellipses denote within-group dispersion. Percent variance explained by PC1 and PC2 indicated on axes. B) Pathway enrichment results comparing each infected treatment group versus uninfected controls for brain, displayed as heatmaps for representative upregulated and downregulated biologic pathways. Color intensity represents −log10 (false discovery rate) for enriched terms. BXA, baloxavir acid; FDR, false discovery rate; MPV, molnupiravir; OSP, oseltamivir phosphate.

Figure 4. Brain transcriptomic responses in comparison of baloxavir-based combinations and monotherapies for treating influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection in mice. Response at 6 days postinfection show treatment-associated separation and attenuation of infection-associated pathway perturbations under combination therapy. RNA sequencing performed on brain harvested at 6 days postinfection from same experimental groups as Figure 1 (n = 3/group). A) Principal component analysis of transcriptomic profiles for brain; each point represents an individual mouse, and ellipses denote within-group dispersion. Percent variance explained by PC1 and PC2 indicated on axes. B) Pathway enrichment results comparing each infected treatment group versus uninfected controls for brain, displayed as heatmaps for representative upregulated and downregulated biologic pathways. Color intensity represents −log10 (false discovery rate) for enriched terms. BXA, baloxavir acid; FDR, false discovery rate; MPV, molnupiravir; OSP, oseltamivir phosphate.

Main Article

Page created: September 05, 2026
Page updated: September 22, 2026
Page reviewed: September 22, 2026
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