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Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released.

Volume 32, Supplement –Summer 2026

SUPPLEMENT ISSUE
Supplement

Correlations between Wastewater Concentrations of Influenza A and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses and Clinical Laboratory Testing and Hospitalization Data, California, USA

Elisabeth BurnorComments to Author , Madhura S. Rane, Marisa A.P. Donnelly, Lauren A. White, Cora Hoover, Monica Sun, Caroline Collins, Andrew Abram, Mariah Otstot, Joel Rojas, Cody Berkobien, Seema Jain, Duc J. Vugia, Wayne T.A. Enanoria, Linlin Li, Chad Below, Marlene Wolfe, Alexandria B. Boehm, Tomás M. León, Erin L. Murray, and Alexander T. Yu
Author affiliation: California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA (E. Burnor, M.S. Rane, M.A.P. Donnelly, L.A. White, C. Hoover, M. Sun, C. Collins, A. Abram, M. Otstot, J. Rojas, C. Berkobien, S. Jain, D.J. Vugia, T.M. León, E.L. Murray, A.T. Yu); County of Santa Clara Public Health Department, San Jose, California, USA (W.T.A. Enanoria, L. Li); San Mateo County Health, San Mateo, California, USA (C. Below); Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (M. Wolfe); Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (A.B. Boehm)

Main Article

Figure 1

Time series comparison of wastewater and influenza A virus–positive specimens via electronic laboratory reporting from study of correlations between wastewater concentrations of influenza A and respiratory syncytial viruses and clinical laboratory testing and hospitalization data, California, USA, July 2022–March 2024. Reported influenza A virus–positive specimens were geocoded to sewersheds for comparisons. We calculated 7-day rolling average number of via electronic laboratory reporting influenza A virus–positive specimens per 100,000 people (yellow bars) and influenza A viral wastewater concentrations in gene copies per gram (light blue line) for 18 counties: A) Alameda (Alameda East Bay); B) Contra Costa (Central Contra Costa); C) Yolo (Davis); D) Santa Clara (Gilroy/Morgan Hill); E) San Mateo (Half Moon Bay); F) Marin (Novato); G) Santa Clara (Palo Alto); H) Sonoma (Petaluma); I) Contra Costa (Richmond); J) Sacramento (Sacramento); K) Santa Clara (San Jose); L) San Francisco (San Francisco Oceanside); M) San Francisco (San Francisco Southeast); N) San Mateo (San Mateo); O) Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz City); P) Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz County); Q) San Mateo (Silicon Valley); R) Santa Clara (Sunnyvale).

Figure 1. Time series comparison of wastewater and influenza A virus–positive specimens via electronic laboratory reporting from study of correlations between wastewater concentrations of influenza A and respiratory syncytial viruses and clinical laboratory testing and hospitalization data, California, USA, July 2022–March 2024. Reported influenza A virus–positive specimens were geocoded to sewersheds for comparisons. We calculated 7-day rolling average number of via electronic laboratory reporting influenza A virus–positive specimens per 100,000 people (yellow bars) and influenza A viral wastewater concentrations in gene copies per gram (light blue line) for 18 counties: A) Alameda (Alameda East Bay); B) Contra Costa (Central Contra Costa); C) Yolo (Davis); D) Santa Clara (Gilroy/Morgan Hill); E) San Mateo (Half Moon Bay); F) Marin (Novato); G) Santa Clara (Palo Alto); H) Sonoma (Petaluma); I) Contra Costa (Richmond); J) Sacramento (Sacramento); K) Santa Clara (San Jose); L) San Francisco (San Francisco Oceanside); M) San Francisco (San Francisco Southeast); N) San Mateo (San Mateo); O) Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz City); P) Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz County); Q) San Mateo (Silicon Valley); R) Santa Clara (Sunnyvale).

Main Article

Page created: July 16, 2026
Page updated: August 14, 2026
Page reviewed: August 14, 2026
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