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Volume 32, Supplement –Summer 2026

SUPPLEMENT ISSUE
Supplement

Laboratory Assessment of Wastewater as Surveillance Tool for West Nile Virus, United States

Jessica Spring, Audrey Long, Emily Davis, Shannon R. Matzinger, Allison Wheeler, Shelby L. Lyons, Daniel L. Jacobs, Rory Welsh, Jeffrey W. Mercante, Aaron C. Brault, and Holly R. HughesComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (J. Spring, A. Long, E. Davis, S.L. Lyons, D.L. Jacobs, A.C. Brault, H.R. Hughes); Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, USA (S.R. Matzinger, A. Wheeler); Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (R. Welsh, J.W. Mercante)

Main Article

Table 3

Results for NWSS jurisdiction wastewater samples that were positive by dRT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR collected in a laboratory assessment of wastewater as surveillance tool for West Nile virus, United States*

Sample jurisdiction First reported nonwastewater surveillance event, d First reported human disease case, d RNA copies/5 mL wastewater† Ct† (23)
County A, CA −27 −27 72.96 36.54
−22 −22 19.08 32.24
−16 −16 24.96 35.7
−13 −13 18.96 37.5
−6 −6 42.84 35.31
1 1 184.08 32.44
1 1 135.72 36.08
8 8 19.2 35.99
13 13 30.48 34.97
64
 64
 18.96
 36.91
County B, AZ
 143
 143
 24.24
 36.29
County C, IL −67 −67 249.72 32.16
−48 −48 84.84 34.86
−46 −46 84.84 34.59
−34 −34 1380 26.91
−20 −20 38.4 36.53
31
 31
 31.68
 31.88
County D, NE −1 −1 44.88 34.14
26
 26
 18.24
 36.9
County E, CO −22 NA 28.56 37.09
−16 NA 57 33.19
19
 NA
 18.36
 35.26
County F, IN −30 NA 225.96 32.81
−16 NA 155.76 34.91

*Ct, cycle threshold; dRT-PCR, digital reverse transcription PCR; NA, not applicable; NWSS, National Wastewater Surveillance System; RT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR. †RNA copies/5 mL of wastewater from dRT-PCR and Ct values from real-time RT-PCR.

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Page created: August 20, 2026
Page updated: September 10, 2026
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