Yellow Fever Virus Surveillance in Callithrix spp. Marmosets during Epizootic Outbreak, Brazil, 2024–2025
Márcio Junio Lima Siconelli, Jéssica Caroline de Almeida Dias, Eduardo Ferreira Machado, Mariana Sequetin Cunha, Natália Coelho Couto de Azevedo Fernandes, Juliana Mariotti Guerra, Luana Bonon, Alline Borges Salomão, Karin Werther, Karina Paes Bürger, Adolorata Aparecida Bianco Carvalho, Daniel Marques, and Benedito Antonio Lopes da Fonseca
Author affiliation: Unidade de Vigilância de Zoonoses da Divisão de Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde, Secretaria Municipal da Saúde, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (M.J.L. Siconelli); Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto (M.J.L. Siconelli, J.C. de Almeida Dias, B.A. Lopes da Fonseca); Centro de Patologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz de São Paulo, Secretaria Estadual da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (E.F. Machado, N.C.C.A. Fernandes); Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz de São Paulo, Secretaria Estadual da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo (M.S. Cunha); Universidade de São Paulo Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, São Paulo (J.M. Guerra); Programa de Residência em Área Profissional da Saúde, Medicina Veterinária e Saúde, do Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, Brazil (L. Bonon, A.B. Salomão, K. Werther, K.P. Bürger, A.A.B. Carvalho); Grupo de Vigilância Epidemiológica, Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica “Prof. Alexandre Vranjac,” Secretaria Estadual da Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo (D. Marques)
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Figure 1
Figure 1. Location and example species for yellow fever virus (YFV) surveillance in Callithrix spp. marmosets during epizootic outbreak, Brazil, 2024–2025. A) C. penicillata marmoset. Source: Miguelrangeljr, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0. B) São Paulo state map with dark lines highlighting the municipalities of the regional Epidemiologic Surveillance Group; red indicates areas affected by yellow fever. Map created by Raphael Lorenzeto de Abreu on WikiMedia (https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php), modified by the authors and used according to permissions. C) Partial aerial view of the Ribeirão Preto region. White outlines represent borders of municipalities where YFV was detected during July 2024–June 2025. Orange dots indicate locations where YFV-positive C. penicillata marmosets were found; yellow dot indicates confirmed human yellow fever case; white arrowheads indicate areas without Alouatta spp. howler monkeys. Map from Google Earth, 2025 (https://earth.google.com).
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