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Volume 32, Number 7—July 2026
Research
Molecular Epidemiology of Skin-Dwelling Filariae and Risk Factors for Mansonella streptocerca Infection, Gabon
Capucine Marie Sicard, Mara Fischer, Chiara Wizemann, Marilen Bartling, Linda Martin, Miriam Rodi, Juliana Inoue, Sabrina Valeria Sinopoli, Esther Mehmel, Andrea Kreidenweiss, Pierre Blaise Matsiegui, Michael Ramharter, Selidji Todagbe Agnandji, and Jana Held
Table 3
Frequency of reported symptoms by infection status in study of molecular epidemiology of skin-dwelling filariae and risk factors for Mansonella streptocerca infection, Gabon*
| Symptoms | Total | No. (%) participants |
p value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ms+ 4 | Ms+ 3 | Ms+ 2 | Ms+ 1 | Ms– 4 | Ms– 3 | Ms– 2 | Ms– 1 | |||
| Urticaria | 976 | 57 (41) | 211 (25.2) | 17 (12.2) | 150 (17.9) | 15 (10.8) | 106 (12.7) | 50 (36) | 370 (44.2) | 0.003 |
| Fatigue or exhaustion | 971 | 40 (28.8) | 160 (19.2) | 20 (14.4) | 203 (24.4) | 17 (12.2) | 142 (17.1) | 62 (44.6) | 327 (39.3) | 0.727 |
| Cutaneous rash | 971 | 32 (22.9) | 117 (14.1) | 7 (5) | 113 (13.6) | 16 (11.4) | 97 (11.7) | 85 (60.7) | 504 (60.6) | 0.396 |
| Headaches | 978 | 48 (34.3) | 152 (18.1) | 14 (10) | 226 (27) | 26 (18.6) | 180 (21.5) | 52 (37.1) | 280 (33.4) | 0.266 |
| Stomach pain | 971 | 32 (23) | 85 (10.2) | 12 (8.6) | 116 (13.9) | 22 (15.8) | 171 (20.6) | 73 (52.5) | 460 (55.3) | 0.018 |
| Joint pain | 977 | 66 (47.5) | 325 (38.8) | 34 (24.5) | 152 (18.1) | 21 (15.1) | 115 (13.7) | 18 (12.9) | 246 (29.4) | <0.001 |
| Subcutaneous nodules | 947 | 23 (16.7) | 46 (5.7) | 48 (34.8) | 128 (15.8) | 4 (2.9) | 45 (5.6) | 63 (45.7) | 590 (72.9) | <0.001 |
*Ms+, PCR-positive for M. streptocerca (n = 143); Ms–, PCR-negative for M. streptocerca (n = 864). Numbers 1–4 indicate frequency of symptoms: 4, every day; 3, once a week; 2, once a month; 1, rarely/never. Bold p values indicate statistical significance (p<0.05).
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Page updated: June 09, 2026
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