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Volume 32, Number 7—July 2026

Research

Molecular Epidemiology of Skin-Dwelling Filariae and Risk Factors for Mansonella streptocerca Infection, Gabon

Capucine Marie Sicard, Mara Fischer, Chiara Wizemann, Marilen Bartling, Linda Martin, Miriam Rodi, Juliana Inoue, Sabrina Valeria Sinopoli, Esther Mehmel, Andrea Kreidenweiss, Pierre Blaise Matsiegui, Michael Ramharter, Selidji Todagbe Agnandji, and Jana HeldComments to Author 
Author affiliation: Institute of Tropical Medicine Tübingen, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (C.M. Sicard, M. Fischer, C. Wizemann, M. Bartling, L. Martin, M. Rodi, J. Inoue, S.V. Sinopoli, A. Kreidenweiss, J. Held); Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany (E. Mehmel, A. Kreidenweiss, M. Ramharter); Centre de Recherches Médicales de la Ngounié, Fougamou, Gabon (P.B. Matsiegui); German Center for Infection Research, Partner Sites Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg (M. Ramharter); Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon (M. Ramharter, S.T. Agnandji, J. Held); Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany (S.T. Agnandji); German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen (A. Kreidenweiss, J. Held)

Main Article

Table 4

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of potential risk factors associated with Mansonella streptocerca infection in study of molecular epidemiology of skin-dwelling filariae and risk factors for M. streptocerca infection, Gabon*

Predictor Category (reference) Adjusted OR (95% CI) p value
Sex Male (female) 2.86 (1.57–5.38) <0.001
Occupation
 Nonagricultural manual labor (agriculture) 1.36 (0.59–3.00) 0.458
Health/public (vs Agriculture) 1.31 (0.45–3.37) 0.599
Commerce (agriculture) 0.81 (0.19–2.52) 0.747
Other (agriculture)
 0.41 (0.19–0.82)
 0.014
Housing score (0–4)
 Per 1-unit increase†
 0.78 (0.61–0.98)
 0.037
Urticaria frequency (1–4) Per 1-category increase 1.39 (1.10–1.76) 0.009
Stomach pain (1–4) Per 1-category increase 0.8 (0.58–1.12) 0.195
Joint pain (1–4) Per 1-category increase 1.03 (0.82–1.31) 0.780
Subcutaneous nodules (1–4)
 Per 1-category increase
 1.07 (0.76–1.52)
 0.693
Animals in the household Yes (no) 1.16 (0.49–2.74) 0.730

*OR, odds ratio. †For housing, adjusted OR <1 indicates that higher housing scores are protective (lower odds of infection). Bold p values indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05).

Main Article

Page created: May 14, 2026
Page updated: June 09, 2026
Page reviewed: June 09, 2026
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