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Volume 32, Number 7—July 2026

Research

Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 and Human Adenovirus Species F Type 41 Co-infection Associated with Acute Severe Hepatitis in Children, California, USA

Ran Zhuo1, Colette J. Matysiak Match1, Sanchi Malhotra, Huan Vinh Dong, Kristina Adachi, Robert S. Venick, Grace Aldrovandi, and Shangxin YangComments to Author 
Author affiliation: University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA (R. Zhuo, C.J. Matysiak Match, S. Malhotra, H.V. Dong, K. Adachi, R.S. Venick, G. Aldrovandi, S. Yang); Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA (R. Zhuo); University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA (C.J.M. Match)

Main Article

Table 1

Initial infectious workups for 2 pediatric cases of acute severe hepatitis of unknown etiology associated with adeno-associated virus type 2 and human adenovirus species F type 41 co-infection, California, USA

Pathogen Sample type Testing modality Result
Case 1 Case 2
Cytomegalovirus Blood PCR Negative Positive <35 copies/mL
Cytomegalovirus IgG and IgM
 Blood
 Serology
 Negative
 IgG positive, IgM negative
Epstein-Barr virus Blood PCR Negative Negative
Blood
 Monospot
 Negative
 Negative
Hepatitis A virus IgM Blood Serology Negative Negative
Hepatitis B virus surface antigen Blood Serology Negative Negative
Hepatitis B virus core antibody Blood Serology Negative Negative
Hepatitis C virus antibody Blood Serology Negative Negative
Hepatitis C virus Blood PCR Negative Not performed
Hepatitis E virus Blood PCR Negative Not performed
Hepatitis E virus IgG and IgM
 Blood
 Serology
 Negative
 Negative
Parvovirus B19 Blood PCR Negative Negative
Enterovirus Blood PCR Negative Negative
Human herpes virus 6 Blood PCR Negative Negative
Parechovirus Blood PCR Negative Negative
Varicella-zoster virus IgM
 Blood
 Serology
 Negative
 Negative
West Nile virus Blood PCR Negative Not performed
West Nile virus IgG and IgM
 Blood
 Serology
 Negative
 Not performed
Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 Blood PCR Negative Negative
SARS-CoV-2
 Mid-turbinate swab
 PCR
 Negative
 Negative
Bartonella henselae IgG and IgM Blood Serology Negative Not performed
Coccidioides IgG/IgM EIA Blood Serology Negative Not performed
Cryptococcal antigen Blood Serology Negative Not performed
QuantiFERON-TB Gold* Indeterminant Indeterminant
Leptospira
Negative
BioFire Gastrointestinal Panel† Stool PCR Negative Positive, sapovirus
ePlex Respiratory Pathogen Panel‡ Nasopharyngeal swab PCR Negative Positive, rhinovirus/enterovirus

*QuantiFERON-TB Gold, QIAGEN, https://www.qiagen.com. †BioFire FilmArray Gastrointestinal Panel, bioMérieux, https://www.biomerieux.com. ‡ePlex Respiratory Pathogen Panel, Roche, https://www.roche.com.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: May 06, 2026
Page updated: May 12, 2026
Page reviewed: May 12, 2026
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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