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Volume 32, Number 8—August 2026

Research

Rapid Expansion of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Genotype D1.1 Virus across Flyway Regions, North America, Fall 2024

Matthew ScotchComments to Author , Temitope O.C. Faleye, Angelica Urquidez-Negrete, Arvind Varsani, Ann Fan, and Anne Justice-Allen
Author affiliation: Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA (M. Scotch, T.O.C. Faleye, A. Urquidez-Negrete, A. Varsani); Arizona Game & Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona, USA (A. Fan, A. Justice-Allen)

Main Article

Figure 5

Logit-transformed proportion of new introductions from a study of expansion of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b genotype D1.1 virus across flyway regions, North America, fall 2024. Graph shows relationship between Ta (estimated D1.1 divergence; June 27, 2024) and Te (approximate date of first D1.1 detection; September 18, 2024) and the logit-transformed proportion of sampled descendant lineages arising from those introductions after Te. Points represent 4 flyway regions of North America. The analysis leveraged sequences from 300 taxa collected from October 2024–March 2025. Ta, ancestral time; Te, evaluation time.

Figure 5. Logit-transformed proportion of new introductions from a study of expansion of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b genotype D1.1 virus across flyway regions, North America, fall 2024. Graph shows relationship between Ta (estimated D1.1 divergence; June 27, 2024) and Te (approximate date of first D1.1 detection; September 18, 2024) and the logit-transformed proportion of sampled descendant lineages arising from those introductions after Te. Points represent 4 flyway regions of North America. The analysis leveraged sequences from 300 taxa collected from October 2024–March 2025. Ta, ancestral time; Te, evaluation time.

Main Article

Page created: June 13, 2026
Page updated: July 26, 2026
Page reviewed: July 26, 2026
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