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Disclaimer: Early release articles are not considered as final versions. Any changes will be reflected in the online version in the month the article is officially released.

Volume 32, Number 8—August 2026

Research

Rapid Expansion of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Genotype D1.1 Virus across Flyway Regions, North America, Fall 2024

Matthew ScotchComments to Author , Temitope O.C. Faleye, Angelica Urquidez-Negrete, Arvind Varsani, Ann Fan, and Anne Justice-Allen
Author affiliation: Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA (M. Scotch, T.O.C. Faleye, A. Urquidez-Negrete, A. Varsani); Arizona Game & Fish Department, Phoenix, Arizona, USA (A. Fan, A. Justice-Allen)

Main Article

Figure 5

Logit-transformed proportion of new introductions from a study of expansion of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b genotype D1.1 virus across flyway regions, North America, fall 2024. Graph shows relationship between Ta (estimated D1.1 divergence; June 27, 2024) and Te (approximate date of first D1.1 detection; September 18, 2024) and the logit-transformed proportion of sampled descendant lineages arising from those introductions after Te. Points represent 4 flyway regions of North America. The analysis leveraged sequences from 300 taxa collected from October 2024–March 2025. Ta, ancestral time; Te, evaluation time.

Figure 5. Logit-transformed proportion of new introductions from a study of expansion of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b genotype D1.1 virus across flyway regions, North America, fall 2024. Graph shows relationship between Ta (estimated D1.1 divergence; June 27, 2024) and Te (approximate date of first D1.1 detection; September 18, 2024) and the logit-transformed proportion of sampled descendant lineages arising from those introductions after Te. Points represent 4 flyway regions of North America. The analysis leveraged sequences from 300 taxa collected from October 2024–March 2025. Ta, ancestral time; Te, evaluation time.

Main Article

Page created: June 13, 2026
Page updated: July 13, 2026
Page reviewed: July 13, 2026
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