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Volume 16, Number 2—February 2010
Dispatch

Extensive Mammalian Ancestry of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus

Natalia A. Ilyushina1, Jeong-Ki Kim1, Nicholas J. Negovetich1, Young-Ki Choi1, Victoria Lang, Nicolai V. Bovin, Heather L. Forrest, Min-Suk Song, Philippe Noriel Q. Pascua, Chul-Joong Kim, Robert G. WebsterComments to Author , and Richard J. Webby
Author affiliations: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA (N.A. Ilyushina, J.-K. Kim, N.J. Negovetich, V. Lang, H.L. Forrest, R.G. Webster, R.J. Webby); D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Moscow, Russia (N.A. Ilyushina); Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea (J.-K. Kim); Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea (Y.-K. Choi, M-S Song, P.N.Q. Pascua); Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow (N.V. Bovin); Chungnam National University College of Veterinary Medicine, Daejeon (C.-J. Kim); University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (R.G. Webster, R.J. Webby)

Main Article

Table 1

Erythrocyte agglutination by representative human, pandemic, swine, and avian H1 influenza virus isolates

Virus isolate Subtype Hemagglutination titer of erythrocytes from indicated species, HAU*†
Turkey‡ Guinea pig‡ Chicken§ Goose§ Horse¶ Swine#
Human isolates
A/Brisbane/59/2007 H1N1 64 64 64 64 <2 <2
A/New Jersey/15/2007
 H1N1
 32
 32
 16
 16
 <2
 <2
Pandemic isolates
A/California/04/2009 H1N1 64 64 4 16 <2 <2
A/Tennessee/1-560/2009
 H1N1
 32
 32
 <2
 8
 <2
 <2
Swine isolates
A/swine/North Carolina/007270/2008 H1N1 32 64 8 16 <2 <2
A/swine/Iowa/003479/2009
 H1N1
 64
 64
 32
 32
 2
 <2
Avian isolates
A/mallard/Alberta/66/2007 H1N4 64 64 32 32 16 <2
A/mallard/Alberta/496/2008 H1N4 64 64 32 32 16 <2

*HAU, hemagglutination units.
†Titers are expressed as the reciprocal of the highest virus dilution that yields complete HA agglutination.
‡Neu5Acα2,6Gal > Neu5Acα2,3Gal.
§Neu5Acα2,6Gal < Neu5Acα2,3Gal.
¶Neu5Gc2,3Gal.
#Neu5Gcα2,6Gal > Neu5Gcα2,3Gal.

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

Page created: December 13, 2010
Page updated: December 13, 2010
Page reviewed: December 13, 2010
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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