Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 12, Number 6—June 2006
Research

Co-infections of Adenovirus Species in Previously Vaccinated Patients

Gary J. Vora*†1, Baochuan Lin*†1, Kevin Gratwick‡, Carolyn Meador§, Christian Hansen‡, Clark Tibbetts†, David A. Stenger*†, Marina Irvine‡, Donald Seto†¶, Anjan Purkayastha†¶, Nikki E. Freed‡, Marylou G. Gibson#, Kevin Russell†‡, and David Metzgar†‡Comments to Author 
Author affiliations: *Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA; †Epidemic Outbreak Surveillance Consortium, Falls Church, Virginia, USA; ‡Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA; §Nova Research Inc., Alexandria, Virginia, USA; ¶George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA; #Virapur, LLC, San Diego, California, USA

Main Article

Table 4

Human adenovirus (HAdV) species and serotype-specific primers

Name Sequence Target gene Reference
Primer 1 CTT GGT CTA CGA CCA GAC GG
Primer 3 GTT TGC TCA TGA ACA TGG CCA GAT CGC AC Species B2 E3 (26)
F30 CTT CAA CCC TGT CTA CCC TAT GAA
F969 TTC TCT AAT GTA GTA AAA GG HAdV11 fiber (25)
HsgF1 ATT TCT ATT CCT TCG CG
HsgF2 TCA GGC TTG GTA CGG CC Species F hexon (24)
HsgC1 ACC TTT GAC TCT TCT GT
HsgC2 TCC TTG TAT TTA GTA TC Species C hexon (24)
Ad3F GGT AGA GAT GCT GTT GCA GGA
Ad3R CCC ATC CAT TAG TGT CAT CGG T HAdV3 hexon (23)
Ad7F GGA AAG ACA TTA CTG CAG ACA
Ad7R AAT TTC AGG CGA AAA AGC GTC A HAdV7 hexon (23)
Ad21F GAA ATT ACA GAC GGC GAA GCC
Ad21R AAC CTG CTG GTT TTG CGG TTG HAdV21 hexon (23)
Ad4F5 GTT GCT AAC TAC GAT CCA GAT ATT G
Ad4R4 CCT GGT AAG TGT CTG TCA ATC C HAdV4 hexon This study
Ad7F-F ACA ACT GCC TAT CCT TTC AAT G
Ad7F-R GAC CAA GTT ACA CGA ATA CAA TAT G HAdV7 fiber This study
Ad5 E1A-F1 CCT AAA ATG GCG CCT GCT ATC CTG
Ad5 E1A-R1 GCG ACG CCC ACC AAC TCT CAC HAdV5 E1A This study
Ad5 E1A-F2 GAG CCT TGG GTC CGG TTT CTA TG
Ad5 E1A-R2 CCA TTT TAG GAC GGC GGG TAG HAdV5 E1A This study
Ad5 hexon-F1 GAC GGA GCC AGC ATT AAG TTT GAT
Ad5 hexon-R1 GTT GGC GGG TAT AGG GTA GAG CAT HAdV5 hexon This study
Ad5 fiber-F1 TAT TCA GCA TCA CCT CCT TTC C
Ad5 fiber-R1 AAG CTA TGT GGT GGT GGG GC HAdV5 fiber This study
AdA1 GCT GAA GAA MCW GAA GAA AAT GA
AdA2 CRT TTG GTC TAG GGT AAG CAC Species A fiber (20)
AdB1 TST ACC CYT ATG AAG ATG AAA GC
AdB2 GGA TAA GCT GTA GTR CTK GGC AT Species B fiber (20)
AdC1 TAT TCA GCA TCA CCT CCT TTC C
AdC2 AAG CTA TGT GGT GGT GGG GC Species C fiber (20)
AdD1 GAT GTC AAA TTC CTG GTC CAC
AdD2 TAC CCG TGC TGG TGT AAA AAT C Species D fiber (20)
AdE1 TCC CTA CGA TGC AGA CAA CG
AdE2 AGT GCC ATC TAT GCT ATC TCC Species E fiber (20)
AdF1 ACT TAA TGC TGA CAC GGG CAC
AdF2 TAA TGT TTG TGT TAC TCC GCT C Species F fiber (20)

Main Article

References
  1. Rubin  BA. Clinical picture and epidemiology of adenovirus infections. Acta Microbiol Hung. 1993;40:303–23.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Hierholzer  JC, Stone  YO, Broderson  JR. Antigenic relationships among the 47 human adenoviruses determined in reference horse antisera. Arch Virol. 1991;121:179–97. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Wadell  G. Molecular epidemiology of human adenoviruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1984;110:191–220.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Rosen  L. A hemagglutination-inhibition technique for typing adenoviruses. Am J Hyg. 1960;71:120–8.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Hierholzer  JC. Further subgrouping of the human adenoviruses by differential hemagglutination. J Infect Dis. 1973;128:541–50. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Schmitz  H, Wigand  R, Heinrich  W. Worldwide epidemiology of human adenovirus infections. Am J Epidemiol. 1983;117:455–66.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Brandt  CD, Kim  HW, Vargosko  AJ, Jeffries  BC, Arrobio  JO, Rindge  B, Infections in 18,000 infants and children in a controlled study of respiratory tract disease. I. Adenovirus pathogenicity in relation to serologic type and illness syndrome. Am J Epidemiol. 1969;90:484–500.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Fox  JP, Hall  CE, Cooney  MK. The Seattle Virus Watch. VII. Observations of adenovirus infections. Am J Epidemiol. 1977;105:362–86.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Takafuji  ET, Gaydos  JC, Allen  RG, Top  FH Jr. Simultaneous administration of live, enteric-coated adenovirus types 4, 7 and 21 vaccines: safety and immunogenicity. J Infect Dis. 1979;140:48–53. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Van der veen  J. The role of adenoviruses in respiratory disease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1963;88:167–80.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Gooch  WM III, Mogabgab  WJ. Simultaneous oral administration of live adenovirus types 4 and 7 vaccines: protection and lack of emergence of other types. Arch Environ Health. 1972;25:388–94.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Griffin  JP, Greenberg  BH. Live and inactivated adenovirus vaccines: clinical evaluation of efficacy in prevention of acute respiratory disease. Arch Intern Med. 1970;125:981–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Top  FH Jr, Dudding  BA, Russell  PK, Buescher  EL. Control of respiratory disease in recruits with types 4 and 7 adenovirus vaccines. Am J Epidemiol. 1971;94:142–6.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Gray  GC, Goswami  PR, Malasig  MD, Hawksworth  AW, Trump  DH, Ryan  MA, Adult adenovirus infections: loss of orphaned vaccines precipitates military respiratory disease epidemics. For the Adenovirus Surveillance Group. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31:663–70. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Gaydos  CA, Gaydos  JC. Adenovirus vaccines. In: Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA, Offit PA, editors. Vaccines. Fourth ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2003, p. 863–85.
  16. Blasiole  DA, Metzgar  D, Daum  LT, Ryan  MA, Wu  J, Wills  C, Molecular analysis of adenovirus isolates from vaccinated and unvaccinated young adults. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:1686–93. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. Kajon  AE, Wadell  G. Sequence analysis of the E3 region and fiber gene of human adenovirus genome type 7h. Virology. 1996;215:190–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Lin  B, Vora  GJ, Thach  D, Walter  E, Metzgar  D, Tibbetts  C, Use of oligonucleotide microarrays for rapid detection and serotyping of acute respiratory disease-associated adenoviruses. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:3232–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. Vabret  A, Gouarin  S, Joannes  M, Barranger  C, Petitjean  J, Corbet  S, Development of a PCR-and hybridization-based assay (PCR adenovirus consensus) for the detection and the species identification of adenoviruses in respiratory specimens. J Clin Virol. 2004;31:116–22. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Xu  W, McDonough  MC, Erdman  DD. Species-specific identification of human adenoviruses by a multiplex PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38:4114–20.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. Crawford-Miksza  LK, Nang  RN, Schnurr  DP. Strain variation in adenovirus serotypes 4 and 7a causing acute respiratory disease. J Clin Microbiol. 1999;37:1107–12.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. Malasig  MD, Goswami  PR, Crawford-Miksza  LK, Schnurr  DP, Gray  GC. Simplified microneutralization test for serotyping adenovirus isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;39:2984–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. Xu  W, Erdman  DD. Type-specific identification of human adenovirus 3, 7, and 21 by a multiplex PCR assay. J Med Virol. 2001;64:537–42. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Pring-Akerblom  P, Trijssenaar  FE, Adrian  T, Hoyer  H. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for subgenus-specific detection of human adenoviruses in clinical samples. J Med Virol. 1999;58:87–92. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. Mei  YF, Wadell  G. Hemagglutination properties and nucleotide sequence analysis of the fiber gene of adenovirus genome types 11p and 11a. Virology. 1993;194:453–62. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. Basler  CF, Horwitz  MS. Subgroup B adenovirus type 35 early region 3 mRNAs differ from those of the subgroup C adenoviruses. Virology. 1996;215:165–77. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. Fife  KH, Ashley  R, Shields  AF, Salter  D, Meyers  JD, Corey  L. Comparison of neutralization and DNA restriction enzyme methods for typing clinical isolates of human adenovirus. J Clin Microbiol. 1985;22:95–100.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  28. Adhikary  AK, Inada  T, Banik  U, Numaga  J, Okabe  N. Identification of subgenus C adenoviruses by fiber-based multiplex PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42:670–3. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. Hierholzer  JC. Adenoviruses in the immunocompromised host. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1992;5:262–74.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. Meinschad  C, Winnacker  EL. Recombination in adenovirus. I. Analysis of recombinant viruses under non-selective conditions. J Gen Virol. 1980;48:219–24. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  31. Boursnell  ME, Mautner  V. Recombination in adenovirus: crossover sites in intertypic recombinants are located in regions of homology. Virology. 1981;112:198–209. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  32. Sambrook  J, Williams  J, Sharp  PA, Grodzicker  T. Physical mapping of temperature-sensitive mutations of adenoviruses. J Mol Biol. 1975;97:369–90. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  33. de Jong  PJ, Valderrama  G, Spigland  I, Horwitz  MS. Adenovirus isolates from urine of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Lancet. 1983;1:1293–6. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  34. Kojaoghlanian  T, Flomenberg  P, Horwitz  MS. The impact of adenovirus infection on the immunocompromised host. Rev Med Virol. 2003;13:155–71. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  35. Davison  AJ, Benko  M, Harrach  B. Genetic content and evolution of adenoviruses. J Gen Virol. 2003;84:2895–908. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. Stone  D, Furthmann  A, Sandig  V, Lieber  A. The complete nucleotide sequence, genome organization, and origin of human adenovirus type 11. Virology. 2003;309:152–65. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  37. Houng  HH, Clavio  S, Graham  K, Kuschner  R, Sun  W, Russell  KL, Emergence of a new human adenovirus type 4 (Ad4) genotype: identification of a novel inverted terminal repeated (ITR) sequence from a majority of Ad4 isolates from US military recruits. J Clin Virol. 2006;35:381–7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  38. Erdman  DD, Xu  W, Gerber  SI, Gray  GC, Schnurr  D, Kajon  AE, Molecular epidemiology of adenovirus type 7 in the United States, 1966–2000. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:269–77. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  39. Li  Q, Wadell  G. Genetic variability of hexon loops 1 and 2 between seven genome types of adenovirus serotype 7. Arch Virol. 1999;144:1739–49. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  40. Sugarman  BJ, Hutchins  BM, McAllister  DL, Lu  F, Thomas  BK. The complete nucleic acid sequence of the adenovirus type 5 reference material (ARM) genome. Bioprocessing Journal. 2003;2:27–32.
  41. Mitchell  S, O'Neill  HJ, Ong  GM, Christie  S, Duprex  P, Wyatt  DE, Clinical assessment of a generic DNA amplification assay for the identification of respiratory adenovirus infections. J Clin Virol. 2003;26:331–8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar

Main Article

1These authors contributed equally to this article.

2The members of the Epidemic Outbreak Surveillance Consortium are Peter F. Demitry, Theresa Lynn Difato, Robb K. Rowley, Clark Tibbetts, Eric H. Hanson, Rosana R. Holliday, Curtis White, David A. Stenger, Donald Seto, Elizabeth A. Walter, Jerry Diao, Brian K. Agan, Kevin Russell, David Metzgar, Gary J.Vora, Baochuan Lin, Dzung Thach, Jing Su, Chris Olsen, Dong Xia, John Gomez, John McGraw, Linda Canas, Margaret Jesse, Mi Ha Yuen, Robert Crawford, Sue A. Worthy, Sue Ditty, John McGraw, Michael Jenkins, Zheng Wang, Cheryl J. James, Kathy Ward, Kenya Grant, and Kindra Nix.

Page created: January 04, 2012
Page updated: January 04, 2012
Page reviewed: January 04, 2012
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external