Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 17, Number 9—September 2011
Synopsis

Risk-based Estimate of Effect of Foodborne Diseases on Public Health, Greece

Elissavet GkogkaComments to Author , Martine W. Reij, Arie H. Havelaar, Marcel H. Zwietering, and Leon G.M. Gorris
Author affiliations: Author affiliations: Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands (E. Gkogka, M.W. Reij, M.H. Zwietering, L.G.M. Gorris); Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (A.H. Havelaar); National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (A.H. Havelaar); Unilever Research and Development, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China (L.G.M. Gorris)

Main Article

Table 2

Disability weights related to the diseases included in study of the effects of foodborne infections, Greece, 1996–2006

Illness
Disability weights
Reported or estimated cases
Underreported cases
Bacterial
Botulism
Moderate cases0.6000.600
Severe cases0.9060.906
Brucellosis0.2000.200
Campylobacteriosis0.067
Gastroenteritis0.393
Reactive arthritis0.140
Guillain-Barré syndrome, first year*0.250
Guillain-Barré syndrome, long-term sequelae0.160
Inflammatory bowel disease0.260
Irritable bowel syndrome0.042
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli0.067
Watery diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis0.393
Hemolytic uremic syndrome and end-stage renal disease†
Leptospirosis0.9200.096
Listeriosis‡‡
Salmonellosis0.067
Gastroenteritis0.393
Inflammatory bowel disease0.260
Irritable bowel syndrome0.042
Reactive arthritis0.150
Shigellosis0.2200.096
Irritable bowel syndrome0.042
Typhoid and paratyphoid fever0.6000.096
Food poisoning
0.220
0.067
Parasitic
Amebiasis0.4000.067
Cryptosporidiosis0.3930.067
Echinococcosis
Cured0.2000.200
Postsurgical conditions0.2390.239
Relapse0.8090.809
Undiagnosed0.2000.200
Giardiasis0.3930.067
Toxoplasmosis
Clinical symptoms in the first year of life§0.140
Asymptomatic at birth, chorioretinitis later in life
0.080
Viral: acute hepatitis A
0.500
0.500
Mixed/ill-defined causes
Other helminthiases0.4630.067
Intestinal infections caused by other specified microorganism0.4000.067
Ill-defined intestinal infections0.4000.067

*For an explanation of this selection, see the Technical Appendix.
†For hemolytic uremic syndrome (including end-stage renal disease as a sequela), it is estimated that every case corresponds to 1.05 years lived with disability (24).
‡Not applicable for listeriosis because the high case-fatality rate (>95%) of the disability-adjusted life year estimates is composed of years of life lost (24) that mainly determine the burden of the disease. Therefore, no years lived with disability were estimated.
§Clinical symptoms in the first year of life include chorioretinitis, intracranial calcifications, hydrocephalus, and central nervous system abnormalities that lead to neurologic deficiencies such as mental retardation.
¶Toxoplasmosis cases are estimates for the entire population. Consequently, underreporting does not apply.

Main Article

References
  1. Flint JA, van Duynhoven YT, Angulo JF, de Long MS, Braun P, Kirk M, Estimating the burden of acute gastroenteritis, foodborne disease, and pathogens commonly transmitted by food: an international review.Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:698–704. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. World Health Organization. The global burden of foodborne disease: taking stock and charting the way forward: WHO consultation to develop a strategy to estimate the global burden of foodborne diseases, Geneva, September 25–27, 2006 [cited 2010 Mar 26]. http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/foodborne_disease/fbd_2006.pdf
  3. Mead PS, Slutsker L, Dietz V, McCaig FL, Breese SJ, Shapiro C, Food-related illness and death in the United States.Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5:607–25. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Rocourt J, Moy G, Vierk K, Schlundt J. The present state of foodborne disease in OECD countries. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003 [cited 2010 Oct 20]. http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/foodborne_disease/en/OECD%20Final%20for%20WEB.pdf
  5. Havelaar AH, Galindo AV, Kurowicka D, Cooke RM. Attribution of foodborne pathogens using structured expert elicitation.Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2008;5:649–59. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Havelaar AH, van Duynhoven YT, Nauta MJ, Bouwknegt M, Heuvelink AE, De Wit GA, Disease burden in The Netherlands due to infections with Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli O157.Epidemiol Infect. 2004;132:467–84. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. Our food our health. Healthy diet and safe food in the Netherlands. 2006. Report No 270555009 [cited 2010 Mar 26]. http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/270555009.pdf
  8. Melse JM, Essink-Bot ML, Kramers PG, Hoeymans N. A national burden of disease calculation: Dutch disability-adjusted life years.Am J Public Health. 2000;90:1241–7. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Hellenic Statistical Authority. Pireaus: General Secretariat of the National Statistical Service of Greece [cited 2010 Mar 25]. http://www.statistics.gr
  10. Center for Infectious Diseases Control. Marousi: Ministry of Health and Welfare: Hellenic Center for Infectious Diseases Control [cited 2010 Mar 25]. http://www.keelpno.gr
  11. World Health Organization. WHO Surveillance Programme for Control of Foodborne Infections and Intoxications in Europe. 8th Report 1999–2000. Country Reports: Greece. 1999–2000 [cited 2010 Mar 26]. http://www.bfr.bund.de/internet/8threport/CRs/gre.pdf
  12. World Health Organization. WHO Surveillance Programme for Control of Foodborne Infections and Intoxications in Europe. 7th Report. Country Reports: Greece 1993–1998; 2003 [cited 2010 Mar 26]. http://www.bfr.bund.de/internet/7threport/CRs/GRE.pdf
  13. Denny J, McLaughlin J. Human Listeria monocytogenes infections in Europe—an opportunity for improved European surveillance.Euro Surveill. 2008;13:8082.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. Mossialos E, Allin S, Davaki K. Analysing the Greek health system: a tale of fragmentation and inertia.Health Econ. 2005;14:S151–68. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Diza E, Frantzidou F, Souliou E, Arvanitidou M, Gioula G, Antoniadis A. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in northern Greece during the last 20 years.Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005;11:719–23. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. Papazahariadou MG, Papadopoulos EG, Frydas SE, Mavrovouniotis C, Constantinidis TC, Antoniadou-Sotiriadou K, Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in the Greek population: local people and refugees.Annals of Gastroenterology.2004;17:194–8.
  17. Hall G, Kirk DM, Becker N, Gregory EJ, Unicomb L, Millard G, Estimating foodborne gastroenteritis, Australia.Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:1257–64.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Scallan E, Hoekstra RM, Angulo FJ, Tauxe RV, Widdowson MA, Roy SL, Foodborne illness acquired in the United States—major pathogens.Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17:7–15.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. McManus DP, Zhang W, Li J, Bartley PB. Echinococcosis.Lancet. 2003;362:1295–304. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Pappas G, Papadimitriou P, Akritidis N, Christou L, Tsianos EV. The new global map of human brucellosis.Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6:91–9. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. Vijgen SMC, Mangen MJJ, Kortbeek LM, van Duijnhoven YTHP, Havelaar AH. Disease burden and related costs of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in the Netherlands. Bilthoven: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 2007 [cited 2010 May 14]. http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/330081001.pdf
  22. World Health Organization [cited 2009 Dec 12]. http:// www.who.int
  23. Kemmeren JM, Mangen MJJ, van Duynhoven YTHP, Havelaar AH. Priority setting of foodborne pathogens: disease burden and costs of selected enteric pathogens. Bilthoven: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment; 2006. 330080001 [cited 2010 May 14]. http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/330080001.pdf
  24. Van Lier EA, Havelaar AH. Disease burden of infectious diseases in Europe: a pilot study. Bilthoven: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment. 2007. Report No 215011001 [cited 2010 Mar 26]. http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/215011001.pdf
  25. World Health Organization. Mortality Database [cited 2009 Mar 25]. http://www.who.int/whosis/mort/download/en/index.html
  26. McCabe-Sellers BJ, Beattie SE. Food safety: emerging trends in foodborne illness surveillance and prevention.J Am Diet Assoc. 2004;104:1708–17. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. Vorou R, Dougas G, Gkolfinopoulou K, Mellou K. Gastroenteritis outbreaks in Greece.The Open Infectious Diseases Journal.2009;3:99–105. DOIGoogle Scholar
  28. Ekdahl K, Giesecke J. Travellers returning to Sweden as sentinels for comparative disease incidence in other European countries, Campylobacter and Giardia infection as examples.Euro Surveill. 2004;9:6–9.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. Adak GK, Long SM, O'Brien SJ. Trends in indigenous foodborne disease and deaths, England and Wales: 1992 to 2000. Gut. 2002;51:832–41. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. Vorou R, Gkolfinapoulou K, Dougas G, Mellou K, Pierroutsakos IN, Papadimitriou T. Local brucellosis outbreak on Thassos, Greece: a preliminary report. Euro Surveill. 2008;13:pii:18910.
  31. Minas M, Minas A, Gourgulianis K, Stournara A. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of human brucellosis in central Greece. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2007;60:362–6.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  32. Sotiraki S, Himonas C, Korkoliakou P. Hydatidosis-echinococcosis in Greece. Acta Trop. 2003;85:197–201. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  33. Kardaras F, Kardara D, Tselikos D, Tsoukas A, Exadactylos N, Anagnostopoulou M, Fifteen year surveillance of echinococcal heart disease from a referral hospital in Greece.Eur Heart J. 1996;17:1265–70.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  34. ECDC. The first European communicable disease epidemiological report. Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; 2007 [cited 2099 Jul 28]. http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/0706_SUR_First_%20Annual_Epidemiological_Report_2007.pdf
  35. World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Risk assessments of Salmonella in eggs and broiler chickens. Geneva/Rome: The Organizations; 2002. ISSN 1726–5274 [cited 2009 Jul 29]. http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/micro/en/salmonella.pdf
  36. Havelaar AH, Kemmeren JM, Kortbeek LM. Disease burden of congenital toxoplasmosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:1467–74. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  37. de Jong B, Ekdahl K. The comparative burden of salmonellosis in the European Union member states, associated and candidate countries. BMC Public Health. 2006;6:4. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  38. Arnesen T, Kapiriri L. Can the value choices in DALYs influence global priority-setting? Health Policy. 2004;70:137–49. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  39. Lake RJ, Cressey JP, Campbell MD, Oakley E. Risk ranking for foodborne microbial hazards in New Zealand: burden of disease estimates. Risk Anal. 2010;30:743–52. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar
  40. Scallan E, Griffin PM, Angulo FJ, Tauxe RV, Hoekstra RM. Foodborne illness acquired in the United States—unspecified agents. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17:17–22.

Main Article

Page created: September 08, 2011
Page updated: September 08, 2011
Page reviewed: September 08, 2011
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external