Volume 20, Number 3—March 2014
Dispatch
Role of Waddlia chondrophila Placental Infection in Miscarriage
David Baud1, Geneviève Goy1, Maria-Chiara Osterheld, Antony Croxatto, Nicole Borel, Yvan Vial, Andreas Pospischil, and Gilbert Greub
Table 1
Characteristics of women, by miscarriage history, tested for infection with Waddlia chondrophila*
| Characteristic | Control, n = 261 | Miscarriage, n = 125 | p value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, ± SD | 31.5 ± 5.0 | 33.3 ± 6.1 | 0.002 | |
| Race | <0.001 | |||
| White | 217 (84.8) | 69 (71.9) | ||
| Black | 20 (7.8) | 21 (21.9) | ||
| Asian | 19 (7.4) | 5 (5.2) | ||
| Other |
0 |
1 (1.0) |
||
| No. lifelong sex partners | 0.031 | |||
| 1 | 58 (22.2) | 37 (29.6) | ||
| 2–3 | 43 (16.5) | 24 (19.2) | ||
| 4–6 | 45 (17.2) | 10 (8.0) | ||
| >6 | 36 (13.8) | 10 (8.0) | ||
| Unknown |
79 (30.3) |
44 (35.2) |
||
| Waddlia spp.–positive serologic result | ||||
| Total Ig ≥64 | 47 (18.0) | 37 (29.6) | 0.010 | |
| IgG ≥64 | 38 (14.6) | 29 (23.2) | 0.044 | |
| IgM 32 |
5 (1.9) |
1 (0.8) |
0.669 |
|
| Waddlia spp.–positive PCR result | ||||
| Vaginal swab specimen | 11 (4.2) | 9 (7.2) | 0.226 | |
| Placenta |
11 (4.2) |
1 (0.8) |
0.113 |
|
| Waddlia spp.–positive immunohistochemical result |
1 (0.4) |
2 (0.8) |
||
| Chlamydia trachomatis serologic result | ||||
| IgG positive | 19 (7.3) | 19 (15.2) | 0.018 | |
| IgA positive | 10 (3.8) | 10 (8.0) | 0.091 | |
| IgG and IgA positive | 7 (2.7) | 9 (7.2) | 0.037 | |
*Adapted from Baud et al. (7,8). Values are no. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
†Statistical analysis was performed only for categorical variables.
1These authors contributed equally to this article.
Page created: February 19, 2014
Page updated: February 19, 2014
Page reviewed: February 19, 2014
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