Volume 21, Number 10—October 2015
Dispatch
Detection of Mixed Infections with Plasmodium spp. by PCR, India, 2014
Sri Krishna, Praveen K. Bharti, Himashu S. Chandel, Amreen Ahmad, Rajesh Kumar, Puspendra P. Singh, Mrigendra P. Singh, and Neeru Singh
Table 1
Characteristics of mixed infections with 4 Plasmodium species identified by PCR for 1,521 blood samples that were P. falciparum–positive by microscopy in 8 malaria-endemic states, by district, India, 2014*
| District (state) or variable | CHC | Period | No. infections |
Odds ratio (95% CI), p value† |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pf | Pf + Pv | Pf + Pm | Pf + Po | Pf + Pm + Po | Mixed (Pf + Pv) | Mixed (all pooled) | |||
| Koraput (OD) | Bandhugaon | Jul–Aug | 188 | 35 | 4 | 2 | 0 | – | – |
| Rayagada (OD) | Jagannathpur | Jul–Aug | 31 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1.8 (1.0–3.1), 0.004 | 2.0 (1.2–3.4), 0.0091 |
| Simdega (JH) | Jaldega | Aug–Nov | 82 | 41 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – | – |
| Simdega (JH) | Bano | Aug– Nov | 76 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.5 (2.0–6.0), <0.0001 | 3.4 (2.0–5.8), <0.0001 |
| Jagdalpur (CG) | Maharani Hospital | Jul–Oct | 178 | 23 | 2 | 1 | 0 | – | – |
| Baikunthpur (CG) | District Hospital | Jul–Nov | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.2 (0.7–2.3), 0.5292 | 1.3 (0.7–2.3), 0.4324 |
| Jhabua (MP) | Ranapur | Sep–Oct | 92 | 29 | 3 | 1 | 0 | – | – |
| Anuppur (MP) | Pushprajgarh | Sep–Nov | 82 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2.7 (1.5–4.7), 0.0004 | 2.7 (1.6–4.7), 0.0001 |
| Gadchiroli (MH) | Malewada | Sep–Nov | 108 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| Gondia (MH) | Darekasa | Sep–Nov | 103 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Udaipur (RJ) | Bekaria | Sep–Dec | 112 | 26 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2.3 (1.2–4.3), 0.0068 | 2.3 (1.3–4.2), 0.0056 |
| Dahod (GJ) | Devgadh Baria | Sep–Dec | 77 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| Valsad (GJ) | Lavkar | Sep–Nov | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 (0.4–2.1), 0.8316 | 1.1 (0.5–2.3), 0.8946 |
| South Tripura (TR) | Manubazar | Oct–Dec | 41 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| South Tripura (TR) | Santirbazar | Oct–Dec | 66 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.8 (0.9–3.5), 0.084 | 1.7 (0.9–3.3), 0.0978 |
| Total | NA | NA | 1,256 | 239 | 19 | 6 | 1 | NA | NA |
| Median no. parasites/µL | NA | NA | 1,897.3 | 1,600 | 1,273.6 | 1,180 | 4,040 | NA | NA |
| Range | NA | NA | 35–1,785,714 | 40–380,464 | 31–56,818 | 200–124,118 | NA | NA | NA |
| p value | NA | NA | Ref | 0.138 | 0.251 | 0.439 | NA | NA | NA |
*CHC, community health center; Pf, P. falciparum; Pv, P. vivax; Pm, P. malariae; Po, P. ovale; OD, Odisha; JH, Jharkhand; CG, Chhattisgarh; MP, Madhya Pradesh; MH, Maharashtra; Ref, reference; RJ, Rajasthan; GJ, Gujrat; TR, Tripura; NA, not applicable.
†–, indicates that analysis was conducted after data for the 2 districts in that state were combined.
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Page updated: September 22, 2015
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