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Volume 23, Number 10—October 2017
CME ACTIVITY - Research

Enteric Infections Circulating during Hajj Seasons, 2011–2013

Moataz Abd El Ghany123Comments to Author , Mona Alsomali1, Malak Almasri1, Eriko Padron Regalado, Raeece Naeem, AbdulHafeez Tukestani, Abdullah Asiri, Grant A. Hill-Cawthorne, Arnab Pain23, and Ziad A. Memish23
Author affiliations: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (M. Abd El Ghany, M. Alsomali, E. Padron Regalado, R. Naeem, A. Pain); University of Sydney, Australia (M. Abd El Ghany, G.A. Hill-Cawthorne); Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M. Almasri, A. Tukestani, A. Asiri, Z.A. Memish); Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (A. Pain); Alfaisal University, Riyadh (Z.A. Memish); Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (Z.A. Memish)

Main Article

Table 3

Characteristics of etiologic agents associated with enteric infections among persons infected during their travel for Hajj, 2011–2013*

 
Characteristic Year
Total
2011 2012 2013
No. screened samples 118 297 129 544
Samples positive for agent, no. (%)
51 (43.22)
120 (40.40)
57 (44.19)
228 (41.91)
Bacterial agents, no. (%) 41 (34.75) 96 (32.32) 52 (40.31) 189 (34.74)
Salmonella 13 (11.02) 25 (8.42) 24 (18.6) 62 (11.4)
Shigella/EIEC 5 (4.24) 28 (9.43) 8 (6.2) 41 (7.54)
ETEC 12 (10.17) 29 (9.76) 7 (5.43) 48 (8.82)
EPEC 3 (2.54) 5 (1.68) 8 (6.2) 16 (2.94)
EHEC 2 (1.69) 2 (0.67) 0 4 (0.74)
DAEC 3 (2.54) 1 (0.34) 3 (2.33) 7 (1.29)
EAEC 3 (2.54) 2 (0.67) 2 (1.55) 7 (1.29)
Yersinia enterocolitica
0
4 (1.35)
0
4 (0.74)
Viral agents, no. (%) 6 (5.08) 7 (2.36) 1 (0.78) 14 (2.57)
Astrovirus 0 2 (0.67) 1 (0.78) 3 (0.55)
Norovirus 2 (1.69) 2 (0.67) 0 4 (0.74)
Rotavirus 4 (3.39) 2 (0.67) 0 6 (1.1)
Adenovirus
0
1 (0.34)
0
1 (0.18)
Parasitic agents, no. (%) 3 (2.54) 8 (2.69) 1 (0.78) 12 (2.21)
Giardia 3 (2.54) 6 (2.02) 1 (0.78) 10 (1.84)
Cryptosporidium
0
2 (0.67)
0
2 (0.37)
Mixed infectious agents, no. (%) 1 (0.85) 9 (3.03) 3 (2.33) 13 (2.39)
Bacteria and virus 0 5 (1.68)† 1 (0.78)‡ 6 (1.1)
Bacteria and parasite 1 (0.85)§ 4 (1.35)¶ 1 (0.78)# 6 (1.1)
Bacteria, virus, and parasite 0 0 1 (0.78)** 1 (0.18)

*EAEC, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli; EHEC, enterohemorrhagic E. coli; EIEC, enteroinvasive E. coli; EPEC, enteropathogenic E. coli; ETEC, enterotoxigenic E. coli; DAEC, diffusely adherent E. coli.
Salmonella and rotavirus G1P[8], Shigella/EIEC and astrovirus HAstV2, ETEC and astrovirus HAstV2, Salmonella and adenovirus, and EPEC and rotavirus G1P[8].
‡EPEC and adenovirus.
§Salmonella and Giardia.
¶EPEC and Giardia, EAEC and Giardia, ETEC and Giardia, and Salmonella and Giardia.
#EPEC and Cryptosporidium.
**EPEC, adenovirus, and Giardia.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

2These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

3These authors were co–principal investigators.

Page created: October 10, 2017
Page updated: October 10, 2017
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