Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link
Volume 23, Number 10—October 2017
CME ACTIVITY - Research

Enteric Infections Circulating during Hajj Seasons, 2011–2013

Moataz Abd El Ghany123Comments to Author , Mona Alsomali1, Malak Almasri1, Eriko Padron Regalado, Raeece Naeem, AbdulHafeez Tukestani, Abdullah Asiri, Grant A. Hill-Cawthorne, Arnab Pain23, and Ziad A. Memish23
Author affiliations: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (M. Abd El Ghany, M. Alsomali, E. Padron Regalado, R. Naeem, A. Pain); University of Sydney, Australia (M. Abd El Ghany, G.A. Hill-Cawthorne); Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M. Almasri, A. Tukestani, A. Asiri, Z.A. Memish); Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (A. Pain); Alfaisal University, Riyadh (Z.A. Memish); Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (Z.A. Memish)

Main Article

Table 3

Characteristics of etiologic agents associated with enteric infections among persons infected during their travel for Hajj, 2011–2013*

 
Characteristic Year
 Total
2011 2012 2013
No. screened samples 118 297 129 544
Samples positive for agent, no. (%)
 51 (43.22)
 120 (40.40)
 57 (44.19)
 228 (41.91)
Bacterial agents, no. (%) 41 (34.75) 96 (32.32) 52 (40.31) 189 (34.74)
Salmonella 13 (11.02) 25 (8.42) 24 (18.6) 62 (11.4)
Shigella/EIEC 5 (4.24) 28 (9.43) 8 (6.2) 41 (7.54)
ETEC 12 (10.17) 29 (9.76) 7 (5.43) 48 (8.82)
EPEC 3 (2.54) 5 (1.68) 8 (6.2) 16 (2.94)
EHEC 2 (1.69) 2 (0.67) 0 4 (0.74)
DAEC 3 (2.54) 1 (0.34) 3 (2.33) 7 (1.29)
EAEC 3 (2.54) 2 (0.67) 2 (1.55) 7 (1.29)
Yersinia enterocolitica
 0
 4 (1.35)
 0
 4 (0.74)
Viral agents, no. (%) 6 (5.08) 7 (2.36) 1 (0.78) 14 (2.57)
Astrovirus 0 2 (0.67) 1 (0.78) 3 (0.55)
Norovirus 2 (1.69) 2 (0.67) 0 4 (0.74)
Rotavirus 4 (3.39) 2 (0.67) 0 6 (1.1)
Adenovirus
 0
 1 (0.34)
 0
 1 (0.18)
Parasitic agents, no. (%) 3 (2.54) 8 (2.69) 1 (0.78) 12 (2.21)
Giardia 3 (2.54) 6 (2.02) 1 (0.78) 10 (1.84)
Cryptosporidium
 0
 2 (0.67)
 0
 2 (0.37)
Mixed infectious agents, no. (%) 1 (0.85) 9 (3.03) 3 (2.33) 13 (2.39)
Bacteria and virus 0 5 (1.68)† 1 (0.78)‡ 6 (1.1)
Bacteria and parasite 1 (0.85)§ 4 (1.35)¶ 1 (0.78)# 6 (1.1)
Bacteria, virus, and parasite 0 0 1 (0.78)** 1 (0.18)

*EAEC, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli; EHEC, enterohemorrhagic E. coli; EIEC, enteroinvasive E. coli; EPEC, enteropathogenic E. coli; ETEC, enterotoxigenic E. coli; DAEC, diffusely adherent E. coli.
†Salmonella and rotavirus G1P[8], Shigella/EIEC and astrovirus HAstV2, ETEC and astrovirus HAstV2, Salmonella and adenovirus, and EPEC and rotavirus G1P[8].
‡EPEC and adenovirus.
§Salmonella and Giardia.
¶EPEC and Giardia, EAEC and Giardia, ETEC and Giardia, and Salmonella and Giardia.
#EPEC and Cryptosporidium.
**EPEC, adenovirus, and Giardia.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

2These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

3These authors were co–principal investigators.

Page created: October 10, 2017
Page updated: October 10, 2017
Page reviewed: October 10, 2017
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external