Volume 23, Number 10—October 2017
CME ACTIVITY - Research
Enteric Infections Circulating during Hajj Seasons, 2011–2013
Moataz Abd El Ghany123
, Mona Alsomali1, Malak Almasri1, Eriko Padron Regalado, Raeece Naeem, AbdulHafeez Tukestani, Abdullah Asiri, Grant A. Hill-Cawthorne, Arnab Pain23, and Ziad A. Memish23
, Mona Alsomali1, Malak Almasri1, Eriko Padron Regalado, Raeece Naeem, AbdulHafeez Tukestani, Abdullah Asiri, Grant A. Hill-Cawthorne, Arnab Pain23, and Ziad A. Memish23
Table 2
Clinical characteristics of persons who acquired enteric infections during their travel for Hajj, 2011–2013
| Characteristic | Year |
Total | Statistical analyses* |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | χ2 | p value | ||
| Hospitalization, no. (%) | ||||||
| Outpatient | 94 (79.66) | 263 (88.55) | 116 (89.92) | 473 (86.95) | 7.54 | 0.02 |
| Inpatient | 24 (20.34) | 33 (11.11) | 13 (10.08) | 70 (12.87) | ||
| Not defined |
0 |
1 (0.34) |
0 |
1 (0.18) |
|
|
| Stool consistency, no. (%) | ||||||
| Unformed† | 57 (48.31) | 187 (62.96) | 76 (58.91) | 320 (58.82) | 9.19 | 0.01 |
| Watery‡ | 60 (50.85) | 101 (34.01) | 48 (37.12) | 209 (38.42) | ||
| Not defined |
1 (0.85) |
9 (3.03) |
5 (3.88) |
15 (2.76) |
|
|
| Abdominal pain/cramp, no. (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 106 (89.83) | 282 (94.95) | 103 (79.84) | 491 (90.26) | ||
| No | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Not defined |
12 (10.17) |
15 (5.05) |
26 (20.16) |
53 (9.74) |
|
|
| Bowel movements/d, no. (%) | ||||||
| <3 | 9 (7.63) | 5 (1.68) | 3 (2.33) | 17 (3.13) | 11.21 | 0.02 |
| 3–5 | 78 (66.1) | 212 (71.38) | 76 (58.91) | 366 (67.28) | ||
| >5 | 19 (16.1) | 65 (21.89) | 24 (18.6) | 108 (19.85) | ||
| Not defined |
12 (10.17) |
15 (5.05) |
26 (20.16) |
53 (9.74) |
|
|
| Duration of diarrhea, d, no. (%) | ||||||
| <2 | 61 (51.69) | 140 (47.14) | 67 (51.94) | 268 (49.26) | 2.99 | 0.56 |
| 3–5 | 42 (35.59) | 119 (40.07) | 42 (32.56) | 203 (37.32) | ||
| >5 | 12 (10.17) | 24 (8.08) | 8 (6.2) | 44 (8.09) | ||
| Not defined |
3 (2.54) |
14 (4.71) |
12 (9.3) |
29 (5.33) |
|
|
| Presence of mucus, no. (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 38 (32.2) | 165 (55.56) | 41 (31.78) | 244 (44.85) | 32.08 | <0.001 |
| No | 80 (67.8) | 126 (42.42) | 86 (66.67) | 292 (53.68) | ||
| Not defined |
0 |
6 (2.02) |
2 (1.55) |
8 (1.47) |
|
|
| Presence of blood, no. (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 14 (11.86) | 26 (8.75) | 11 (8.53) | 51 (9.38) | 0.98 | 0.61 |
| No | 104 (88.14) | 265 (89.23) | 116 (89.92) | 485 (89.15) | ||
| Not defined |
0 |
6 (2.02) |
2 (1.55) |
8 (1.47) |
|
|
| Vomiting, no. (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 33 (27.97) | 80 (26.94) | 12 (9.3) | 125 (22.98) | 17.92 | <0.001 |
| No | 85 (72.03) | 211 (71.04) | 115 (89.15) | 411 (75.55) | ||
| Not defined |
0 |
6 (2.02) |
2 (1.55) |
8 (1.47) |
|
|
| Fever, no. (%)§ | ||||||
| No fever | 87 (73.73) | 167 (56.23) | 103 (79.84) | 357 (65.63) | 26.90 | <0.001 |
| Moderate | 23 (19.49) | 72 (24.24) | 25 (19.34) | 120 (22.06) | ||
| Severe | 3 (2.54) | 32 (10.77) | 1 (0.78) | 36 (6.62) | ||
| Not defined |
5 (4.24) |
26 (8.75) |
0 |
31 (5.7) |
|
|
| Dehydration, no. (%)¶ | ||||||
| Yes | 42 (35.59) | 53 (17.85) | 39 (30.23) | 134 (24.63) | 16.89 | <0.001 |
| No | 76 (64.41) | 238 (80.13) | 85 (65.89) | 399 (73.35) | ||
| Not defined | 0 | 6 (2.02) | 5 (3.88) | 11 (2.02) | ||
*Comparison between Hajj seasons.
†Bristol 6.
‡Bristol 7.
§Moderate fever defined as >37.5°C and <39.0°C; severe fever defined as >39.0°C.
¶Dehydration defined as >2 of the following signs or symptoms: thirst, dry mouth, weakness/light headedness, and darkening of the urine/decrease in urination.
1These first authors contributed equally to this article.
2These senior authors contributed equally to this article.
3These authors were co–principal investigators.
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