Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link Skip directly to A-Z link

Volume 23, Number 10—October 2017

CME ACTIVITY - Research

Enteric Infections Circulating during Hajj Seasons, 2011–2013

Moataz Abd El Ghany123Comments to Author , Mona Alsomali1, Malak Almasri1, Eriko Padron Regalado, Raeece Naeem, AbdulHafeez Tukestani, Abdullah Asiri, Grant A. Hill-Cawthorne, Arnab Pain23, and Ziad A. Memish23
Author affiliations: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (M. Abd El Ghany, M. Alsomali, E. Padron Regalado, R. Naeem, A. Pain); University of Sydney, Australia (M. Abd El Ghany, G.A. Hill-Cawthorne); Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (M. Almasri, A. Tukestani, A. Asiri, Z.A. Memish); Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (A. Pain); Alfaisal University, Riyadh (Z.A. Memish); Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (Z.A. Memish)

Main Article

Table 2

Clinical characteristics of persons who acquired enteric infections during their travel for Hajj, 2011–2013

Characteristic Year
 Total Statistical analyses*
2011 2012 2013 χ2 p value
Hospitalization, no. (%)            
Outpatient 94 (79.66) 263 (88.55) 116 (89.92) 473 (86.95) 7.54 0.02
Inpatient 24 (20.34) 33 (11.11) 13 (10.08) 70 (12.87)    
Not defined
 0
 1 (0.34)
 0
 1 (0.18)
  
  
Stool consistency, no. (%)            
Unformed† 57 (48.31) 187 (62.96) 76 (58.91) 320 (58.82) 9.19 0.01
Watery‡ 60 (50.85) 101 (34.01) 48 (37.12) 209 (38.42)    
Not defined
 1 (0.85)
 9 (3.03)
 5 (3.88)
 15 (2.76)
  
  
Abdominal pain/cramp, no. (%)            
Yes 106 (89.83) 282 (94.95) 103 (79.84) 491 (90.26)    
No 0 0 0 0    
Not defined
 12 (10.17)
 15 (5.05)
 26 (20.16)
 53 (9.74)
  
  
Bowel movements/d, no. (%)            
<3 9 (7.63) 5 (1.68) 3 (2.33) 17 (3.13) 11.21 0.02
3–5 78 (66.1) 212 (71.38) 76 (58.91) 366 (67.28)    
>5 19 (16.1) 65 (21.89) 24 (18.6) 108 (19.85)    
Not defined
 12 (10.17)
 15 (5.05)
 26 (20.16)
 53 (9.74)
  
  
Duration of diarrhea, d, no. (%)            
<2 61 (51.69) 140 (47.14) 67 (51.94) 268 (49.26) 2.99 0.56
3–5 42 (35.59) 119 (40.07) 42 (32.56) 203 (37.32)    
>5 12 (10.17) 24 (8.08) 8 (6.2) 44 (8.09)    
Not defined
 3 (2.54)
 14 (4.71)
 12 (9.3)
 29 (5.33)
  
  
Presence of mucus, no. (%)            
Yes 38 (32.2) 165 (55.56) 41 (31.78) 244 (44.85) 32.08 <0.001
No 80 (67.8) 126 (42.42) 86 (66.67) 292 (53.68)    
Not defined
 0
 6 (2.02)
 2 (1.55)
 8 (1.47)
  
  
Presence of blood, no. (%)            
Yes 14 (11.86) 26 (8.75) 11 (8.53) 51 (9.38) 0.98 0.61
No 104 (88.14) 265 (89.23) 116 (89.92) 485 (89.15)    
Not defined
 0
 6 (2.02)
 2 (1.55)
 8 (1.47)
  
  
Vomiting, no. (%)            
Yes 33 (27.97) 80 (26.94) 12 (9.3) 125 (22.98) 17.92 <0.001
No 85 (72.03) 211 (71.04) 115 (89.15) 411 (75.55)    
Not defined
 0
 6 (2.02)
 2 (1.55)
 8 (1.47)
  
  
Fever, no. (%)§            
No fever 87 (73.73) 167 (56.23) 103 (79.84) 357 (65.63) 26.90 <0.001
Moderate 23 (19.49) 72 (24.24) 25 (19.34) 120 (22.06)    
Severe 3 (2.54) 32 (10.77) 1 (0.78) 36 (6.62)    
Not defined
 5 (4.24)
 26 (8.75)
 0
 31 (5.7)
  
  
Dehydration, no. (%)¶            
Yes 42 (35.59) 53 (17.85) 39 (30.23) 134 (24.63) 16.89 <0.001
No 76 (64.41) 238 (80.13) 85 (65.89) 399 (73.35)    
Not defined 0 6 (2.02) 5 (3.88) 11 (2.02)    

*Comparison between Hajj seasons.
†Bristol 6.
‡Bristol 7.
§Moderate fever defined as >37.5°C and <39.0°C; severe fever defined as >39.0°C.
¶Dehydration defined as >2 of the following signs or symptoms: thirst, dry mouth, weakness/light headedness, and darkening of the urine/decrease in urination.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

2These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

3These authors were co–principal investigators.

Page created: October 10, 2017
Page updated: October 10, 2017
Page reviewed: October 10, 2017
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
file_external