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Volume 24, Number 12—December 2018
Research

Survey of Ebola Viruses in Frugivorous and Insectivorous Bats in Guinea, Cameroon, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2015–2017

Helene M. De Nys1, Placide Mbala Kingebeni1, Alpha K. Keita1, Christelle Butel, Guillaume Thaurignac, Christian-Julian Villabona-Arenas, Thomas Lemarcis, Mare Geraerts, Nicole Vidal, Amandine Esteban, Mathieu Bourgarel, François Roger, Fabian Leendertz, Ramadan Diallo, Simon-Pierre Ndimbo-Kumugo, Justus Nsio-Mbeta, Nikki Tagg, Lamine Koivogui, Abdoulaye Toure, Eric Delaporte, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum, Eitel Mpoudi-Ngole, Ahidjo Ayouba2, and Martine Peeters2Comments to Author 

Author affiliations: TransVIHMI of Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France (H.M. De Nys, P. Mbala Kingebeni, A.K. Keita, C. Butel, G. Thaurignac, C.-J. Villabona-Arenas, T. Lemarcis, M. Geraerts, N. Vidal, A. Esteban, A. Toure, E. Delaporte, A. Ayouba, M. Peeters); National Institute of Biomedical Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (P. Mbala Kingebeni, S.-P. Ndimbo-Kumugo, S. Ahuka-Mundeke, J.-J. Muyembe Tamfum); Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, Kinshasa (P. Mbala Kingebeni, S. Ahuka-Mundeke, J.-J. Muyembe Tamfum); Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea (A.K. Keita, A. Toure); ASTRE of Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement, Institut national de la Recherche Agronomique and Univerisity of Montpellier, Montpellier (M. Bourgarel, F. Roger); Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany (F. Leendertz); Ministère de l’Elevage et des Productions Animales, Conakry (R. Diallo); Direction de Lutte contre la Maladie, Kinshasa (J. Nsio-Mbeta); Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (N. Tagg); Université de Conakry, Conakry (L. Koivogui); Institut National de Sante Publique, Conakry (A. Toure); Institut de Recherches Médicales et d’Études des Plantes Médicinales, Yaoundé, Cameroon (E. Mpoudi-Ngole); Cameroon Institut de Recherche pout le Développement, Yaoundé (E. Mpoudi-Ngole)

Main Article

Table 3

Blood samples from bats reactive with Ebola virus antigens in Luminex assay, by antigen, bat type, and statistical method used to determine cutoff, Guinea, Cameroon, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2015–2017*

GP-M Total 259 (6.44) 143 (3.56) 18 (0.45) 115 (2.86) 0.45–6.44
VP Frugivorous 55 (3.17) 8 (0.46) 24 (1.38) 44 (2.53) 0.46–3.17
VP Insectivorous 19 (0.86) 5 (0.23) 6 (0.27) 14 (0.64) 0.23–0.86
VP Total 75 (1.86) 14 (0.35) 30 (0.75) 59 (1.47) 0.35–1.86
NP + GP Frugivorous 31 (1.79) 31 (1.79) 1 (0.06) 7 (0.40) 0.06–1.79
NP + GP Insectivorous 6 (0.27) 6 (0.27) 1 (0.05) 1 (0.05) 0.05–0.27
NP + GP
 Total
 37 (0.92)
 37 (0.92)
 2 (0.05)
 8 (0.20)
 0.05–0.92
Sudan
NP Frugivorous 71 (4.09) 15 (0.86) 34 (1.96) 77 (4.44) 0.86–4.44
NP Insectivorous 12 (0.55) 1 (0.05) 5 (0.23) 18 (0.82) 0.05–0.82
NP Total 84 (2.09) 17 (0.42) 39 (0.97) 96 (2.39) 0.42–2.39
GP Frugivorous 459 (26.44) 147 (8.47) 17 (0.98) 121 (6.97) 0.98–26.44
GP Insectivorous 49 (2.23) 6 (0.27) 1 (0.05) 1 (0.05) 0.05–2.23
GP Total 509 (12.66) 154 (3.83) 18 (0.45) 125 (3.11) 0.45–12.66
VP Frugivorous 102 (5.88) 20 (1.15) 28 (1.61) 61 (3.51) 1.15–5.88
VP Insectivorous 19 (0.86) 4 (0.18) 6 (0.27) 18 (0.82) 0.18–0.86
VP Total 121 (3.01) 24 (0.60) 34 (0.85) 80 (1.99) 0.60–3.01
NP + GP Frugivorous 28 (1.61) 28 (1.61) 0 10 (0.58) 0–1.61
NP + GP Insectivorous 2 (0.09) 2 (0.09) 0 0 0–0.09
NP + GP
 Total
 30 (0.75)
 30 (0.75)
 0
 10 (0.25)
 0–0.75
Bundibugyo
GP Frugivorous 301 (17.34) 59 (3.40) 0 93 (5.36) 0–17.34
GP Insectivorous 58 (2.64) 8 (0.36) 5 (0.23) 13 (0.59) 0.23–2.64
GP Total 361 (8.98) 68 (1.69) 22 (0.55) 107 (2.66) 0.55–8.98
VP Frugivorous 9 (0.52) 7 (0.40) 12 (0.69) 37 (2.13) 0.40–2.14
VP Insectivorous 0 1 (0.05) 8 (0.36) 20 (0.91) 0–0.91
VP
 Total
 9 (0.22)
 8 (0.20)
 20 (0.5)
 57 (1.42)
 0.20–1.42
Reston
GP Frugivorous 17 (0.98) 28 (1.61) 26 (1.50) 61 (3.51) 0.98–3.51
GP Insectivorous 3 (0.14) 10 (0.45) 10 (0.45) 29 (1.32) 0.14–1.32
GP Total 20 (0.50) 38 (0.94) 36 (0.90) 90 (2.24) 0.50–2.24

*VP refers to viral protein 40 of Ebola virus. Results are presented for frugivorous (n = 1,736), insectivorous (n = 2,199), and total (n = 4,022) bats. GP, glycoprotein; K, Kissoudougou strain; M, Mayinga strain; NP, nucleoprotein; VP, viral protein.

Main Article

1These first authors contributed equally to this article.

2These senior authors contributed equally to this article.

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Page updated: November 20, 2018
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