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Volume 25, Number 4—April 2019
Research

Human-Origin Influenza A(H3N2) Reassortant Viruses in Swine, Southeast Mexico

Martha I. NelsonComments to Author , Carine K. Souza, Nídia S. Trovão, Andres Diaz, Ignacio Mena, Albert Rovira, Amy L. Vincent, Montserrat Torremorell, Douglas Marthaler1, and Marie R. Culhane
Author affiliations: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (M.I. Nelson, N.S. Trovão); National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, USA (C.K. Souza, A.L. Vincent); Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (N.S. Trovão, I. Mena); University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA (A. Diaz, A. Rovira, M. Torremorell, D. Marthaler, M.R. Culhane)

Main Article

Figure 9

Evolutionary history of genotype 8 influenza viruses in southeast Mexico, showing interspecies transmission events, reassortment events, and virus migration events leading to the emergence of genotype 8 viruses in swine in Mexico in the W and CN regions and continued spread into SE Mexico in ≈2011. Within each pig, vertical lines represent the 8 segments of the influenza A virus genome, ordered longest to shortest, which are shaded according to virus lineage. Arrows represent direct transmission

Figure 9. Evolutionary history of genotype 8 influenza viruses in southeast Mexico, showing interspecies transmission events, reassortment events, and virus migration events leading to the emergence of genotype 8 viruses in swine in Mexico in the W and CN regions and continued spread into SE Mexico in ≈2011. Within each pig, vertical lines represent the 8 segments of the influenza A virus genome, ordered longest to shortest, which are shaded according to virus lineage. Arrows represent direct transmission events between hosts. Reassortment events are indicated by multiple lines shaded in different colors. Segments donated from each lineage are indicated. Birds are depicted to reflect uncertainty about the specific avian species that transmitted influenza A viruses to swine in Europe and North America. CN, central; E, east; HA, hemagglutinin; MP, matrix protein; NA, neuraminidase, NP, nucleoprotein; NS, nonstructural; PA, polymerase acidic; PB, polymerase basic; SE, southeast; W, west.

Main Article

1Current affiliation: Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.

Page created: March 17, 2019
Page updated: March 17, 2019
Page reviewed: March 17, 2019
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above.
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