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Volume 25, Number 4—April 2019
Research

Differences in Neuropathogenesis of Encephalitic California Serogroup Viruses

Alyssa B. Evans, Clayton W. Winkler, and Karin E. PetersonComments to Author 
Author affiliations: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA

Main Article

Figure 1

Global distribution, phylogenetic relationship, and vectors and hosts of the 5 California serogroup (CSG) viruses included in study of neuropathogenesis of encephalitic CSG viruses. A) These viruses are found across the globe, primarily throughout North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa (1,4,8,10,12–29). Several of these viruses have overlapping regions of distribution (as indicated by diagonal patterns), including in the United States, where LACV, SSHV, and JCV are all present, and Europe, wher

Figure 1. Global distribution, phylogenetic relationship, and vectors and hosts of the 5 California serogroup (CSG) viruses included in study of neuropathogenesis. A) These viruses are found across the globe, primarily throughout North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa (1,4,8,10,1229). Several of these viruses have overlapping regions of distribution (as indicated by diagonal patterns), including in the United States, where LACV, SSHV, and JCV are all present, and Europe, where TAHV and INKV are present. States and countries indicated have evidence of these viruses from reported human cases, serologic surveys of humans and animals, or isolation of virus from mosquitoes. B) Within these closely related CSG viruses, JCV and INKV are the most closely related, followed by LACV and SSHV, and then TAHV (30). The CSG viruses use a variety of mosquito vectors, primarily in the Aedes and Ochlerotatus genera. Listed are the most prominent vectors and additional genera the virus has been found in. Mammals implicated as reservoir or amplifying hosts are listed for each virus; some hosts are shared among several CSG viruses (1,2,12,22,3133). INKV, Inkoo virus; JCV, Jamestown Canyon virus; LACV, La Crosse virus; SSHV, snowshoe hare virus; TAHV, Tahyna virus.

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